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      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        October 2018

        The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

        How to Achieve the Great Transition.

        by Zhang Shujun

        Based on the the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, describing this great turning point, the developing track and  historical events before the meeting.

      • Trusted Partner
        December 2021

        Pest Management in Cotton

        A Global Perspective

        by Graham A. Matthews, Thomas A. Miller, Zeeshan Ahmed

        This book presents a global overview of the background to, and the current state of, crop protection and pest management in cotton crops. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been grown for centuries but maintaining high yields of good quality requires sophisticated approaches to pest management. The introduction and use of pesticides over the decades significantly increased cotton yields but lead to many adverse environmental impacts. Over time, new and alternative insecticides were developed but overuse has enabled pests to develop significant resistance. The development of genetically modified cotton varieties with toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis enabled much improved control of lepidopteran larvae, including bollworms, but as the toxins had no effect on sucking pests, farmers had no choice but to continue using insecticides. Also, some of the new cotton varieties developed in recent times have not adapted to different climatic conditions and the quality of cotton fibre declined as a result. This book shows the need for more research to select cotton varieties with high quality fibres suitable for different cotton growing areas and to develop integrated pest management strategies to minimise the use of pesticides. It also demonstrates the need for an inter-disciplinary approach bringing together plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, agronomists and agricultural engineers to achieve high yields of high quality cotton. In the future, farmers will need to adopt new technology to determine when and how pesticides are used in conjunction with cultural and biological control strategies. · Emphasises the importance of research on growing cotton in a world experiencing climate change · Demonstrates how crucial crop protection is in achieving high yields of high quality cotton · Shows how new technology will bring major changes in how cotton is grown in the future

      • Trusted Partner
        June 2024

        Genetics of Salt Tolerance in Plants

        a Central Dogma Perspective and Strategies for Enhancement

        by Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Shabir Hussain Wani

        Gene expression in cells follows a prescribed pathway that conforms to the Central Dogma; where the genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then expressed into proteins, which influences most plant traits. Plant salt tolerance research is directed towards identifying nucleotide variants that could contribute to tolerant phenotypes. This book comprehensively presents the current state of knowledge on plant salt tolerance through meticulous analysis of the processes operating across the Central Dogma. It provides a detailed account of modulation of gene expression through genome editing systems to achieve crop improvement against salt stress. It also provides state-of-the-art information on advances in breeding technologies of genome selection and accelerated de novo domestication for rapidly improving the salt tolerance of plants for global food security. This book: 1.Provides a comprehensive coverage of plant salt tolerance mechanisms. 2.Spotlights various factors functioning along the Central Dogma pathway and their regulation in response to salinity. 3.Examines how these factors function to protect the plants from high salinity. 4.Highlights advances in cutting-edge breeding technologies for improving salt tolerance. The book will be of particular value to students and researchers of plant genetics, molecular biology and physiology and those with an interest in salinity and salt tolerance.

      • Trusted Partner
        Botany & plant sciences
        January 2008

        Conserving Plant Genetic Diversity in Protected Areas

        by Edited by José M Iriondo, Nigel Maxted, Mohammad E Dulloo

        Conservation in protected areas has focused on preserving biodiversity of ecosystems and species, whereas conserving the genetic diversity contained within species has historically often been ignored. However, maintaining genetic diversity is fundamental to food security and the provision of raw materials and it is best preserved within plants' natural habitats. This is particularly true for wild plants that are directly related to crop species and can play a key role in providing beneficial traits, such as pest or disease resistance and yield improvement. These wild relatives are presently threatened due to processes of habitat destruction and change and methodologies have been adapted to provide in-situ conservation through the establishment of genetic reserves within the existing network of protected areas.Providing a long-awaited synthesis of these new methodologies, this book presents a practical set of management guidelines that can be used for the conservation of plant genetic diversity of crop wild relatives in protected areas.

      • Trusted Partner
        Biotechnology
        February 2009

        Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops

        by Edited by Natalie Ferry, Angharad M R Gatehouse

        The genetic modification of crops continues to be the subject of intense debate, and opinions are often strongly polarised. Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops addresses the major concerns of scientists, policy makers, environmental lobby groups and the general public regarding this controversial issue, from an editorially neutral standpoint. While the main focus is on environmental impact, food safety issues, for both humans and animals are also considered. The book concludes with a discussion on the future of agricultural biotechnology in the context of sustainability, natural resource management and future global population and food supply.

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        March 2017

        Integrated Management of Insect Pests on Canola and Other Brassica Oilseed Crops

        by Gadi V P Reddy, Harit K Bal, Ronald E Batallas, Tulsi Bhardwaj, James D Blande, Dhana Raj Boina, G David Buntin, Randall Brandt, Hector Cárcamo, Surendra Dara, Tim J Dumonceaux, Robert H Elliott, Maya Evenden, Yaghoub Fathipour, Kevin D Floate, John Gavloski, Kristopher L Giles, Larry Grenkow, Parwinder S Grewal, Rebecca H Hallett, Matthew P. Hill, Vincent A Hervet, Sari J. Himanen, Heikki M.T. Hokkanen, Jarmo K Holopainen, Prashant Jha, Peter Mason, Janet J Knodel, Tao Li, Sarina Macfadyen, Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen, Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini, Christine Noronha, Chrystel Olivier, Francisco Rubén Badenes-Pérez, S. Jesu Rajan, Tom A Royer, Muhammad Sarwar, Barbara J Sharanowski, Govinda Shrestha, Juliana Soroka, Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Raj Kumar Thakur, Sally Vail, Leyun Wang, R W M. Udari M Wanigasekara, Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana, Tyler J Wist, Zi-Hua Zhao

        This book comprehensively reviews current pest management practices and explores novel integrated pest management strategies in Brassica oilseed crops. It is essential reading for pest management practitioners and researchers working on pest management in canola and other Brassica crops worldwide. Canola, mustard, camelina and crambe are the most important oilseed crops in the world. Canola is the second largest oilseed crop in the world providing 13% of the world's supply. Seeds of these species commonly contain 40% or more oil and produce meals with 35 to 40% protein. However, its production has declined significantly in recent years due to insect pest problems. The canola pest complexes are responsible for high insecticide applications on canola. Many growers rely on calendar-based spraying schedules for insecticide applications. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. (P. cruciferae and P. striolata)cause serious damage to canola. In the Northern Great Plains, USA, for instance, P. xylostella is now recorded everywhere that canola is grown. Severe damage to canola plants can be caused by overwintering populations of flea beetles feeding on newly emerged seedlings. Cabbage seed pod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus), swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii), and tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) are also severe pests on canola. Minor pests include aphids (cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae and turnip aphid, Hyadaphis erysimi) and grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. This book: · is the only single compiled source of information on integrated management of canola and other Brassica oilseed pests · presents the biology and management of all the major and minor pests of Brassica oilseed crops · is an essential source of information for applied entomologists, crop protection researchers, extension agents and stakeholders ; This book reviews current pest management practices and explores new biological and chemical control methods, and integrated pest management strategies in this important crop. It is essential reading for pest management practitioners and researchers working on pest management in canola crops worldwide. ; 1: Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and Their Management2: Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) Management3: The Challenge of Swede Midge Management in Canola4: Biology and Management of Sucking Insect Pests of Canola5: Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Management6: Biology, Ecology and Management of Pollen Beetle Brassicogethes viridescens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)7: Noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pests of Canola in North America8: Biology and Management of the Generalist Herbivore, the Bertha Armyworm, Mamestra Configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Canola in Western Canada9: Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Management of Insect Pests of Canola and Other Oilseed Crops10: The OKANOLA Project: Challenges in Managing Insect Pests of Canola in the Southern Plains11: Integrated Pest Management in Canola: How Far Have We Come and What Is Still Needed12: Canola Insect Pest Management in the South-eastern USA13: Integrated Management of Insect Pests of Rapeseed (Canola) in China14: Integrated Control of Insect Pests of Canola and Other Brassica Oilseed Crops in Pakistan15: Cover Crops as a Tool for Insect Pest Management on Oilseed Brassicas16: Detection and Symptomatology of Aster Yellows17: Pestiferous Insects of Mustard: Biology and Integrated Management18: Volatile Organic Compounds in Integrated Pest Management of Brassica Oilseed Crops19: Impact of Genetically Modified Herbicide-resistant Oilseed Rape on Non-target Organisms: Natural Enemies of Oilseed Rape Pests20: Insect-transmitted Viruses in Canola21: Present and Potential Impacts of Insects on Camelina and Crambe22: Integrated Pest Management and Pollination Services in Brassica Oilseed Crops23: Role of Glucosinolates in Resistance and Attraction to Insects: Applications in Trap Cropping and Pest Management in Brassica Oilseed Crops24: Arthropod Pests of Australian Canola During Crop Emergence: IPM and Future Directions25: Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Insect Pest Management of Brassica Oilseed Crops

      • Trusted Partner
        Pest control
        November 2012

        Plant Pest Risk Analysis

        Concepts and Application

        by Stephanie Bloem, Robert Griffin, Lottie Erikson, Alison Neeley, Kenneth Bloem, Anthony Koop. Edited by Christina Devorshak.

        Pest risk analysis is an evolving and dynamic field. It informs decisions for regulatory plant protection, from domestic activities such as prioritizing pests for surveillance to making quarantine decisions regarding the importation of products. This text provides a solid foundation in pest risk analysis and its application to regulatory plant protection. Basic methods for pest risk analysis are addressed, including how they can be used to solve real life problems in the context of national and international rules, regulations, requirements, laws and agreements. Written by practicing risk analysts, the text is enhanced with examples of methods and applications, many of which are based on real analyses performed by plant protection organizations. Understanding of basic tools and methods is encouraged to enable the reader to prepare, review and develop scientifically sound and technically defensible pest risk analyses. This is an essential resource for students in agricultural sciences, and regulatory plant protection professionals wishing to learn about pest risk analysis: why we do it, how it's done, and what it requires.

      • Trusted Partner
        Technology, Engineering & Agriculture
        March 2016

        Integrated Pest Management

        Principles and Practice

        by Gary P. Fitt, Dharam P Abrol, Y G Prasad, Uma Shankar, David Orr, S Mohankumar, Catherine Regnault-Roger, P. Q. Rizvi, Parwinder S Grewal, Houping Liu, Karolin E Eberle, Robert Barreto, Phyllis G Weintraub, A. K. Bhat, Ing Vaclav Stejskal, ZouRui Shen

        Providing a critical evaluation of the management strategies involved in ecologically-based pest management, this book presents a balanced overview of environmentally safe and ecologically sound approaches. Topics covered include biological control with fungi and viruses, conservation of natural predators, use of botanicals and how effective pest management can help promote food security. In the broader context of agriculture, sustainability and environmental protection, the book provides a multidisciplinary and multinational perspective on integrated pest management useful to researchers in entomology, crop protection, environmental sciences and pest management. ; Providing a critical evaluation of the management strategies involved in ecologically-based pest management, this book presents a balanced overview of environmentally safe and ecologically sound approaches and also provides a multidisciplinary and multinational perspective on integrated pest management. ; 1: History, Overview and Principles of Ecologically Based Pest Management2: Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture3: Pest Monitoring and Forecasting4: Augmentation and Conservation of Natural Enemies5: Biotechnological and molecular approaches in management of pests and diseases of crop plants6: Botanicals in Pest Management7: Biopesticides in Ecologically Based Integrated Pest Management8: Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Tools in Integrated Pest9: Microbial Control of Crop Pests Using Entomopathogenic Fungi10: Microbial control of crop pests using insect viruses11: Biological control of weeds with plant pathogens: four decades on12: Virus and Bacteria Transmitting Arthropod Vectors and Their Management13: Effect of Pesticides on Non Target Sites with reference to Soil Ecosystem14: Integrated Pest Management in Stored Grains15: Role of Integrated Pest Management in Food and Nutritional Security16: Role of Information and Communication Technology in Integrated Pest Management17: From Integrated Pest Management to Ecosystem Management: The Case of Urban Lawn

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics

        Hydroponics and Protected Cultivation

        A Practical Guide

        by Lynette Morgan

        A comprehensive, practical text which covers a diverse range of hydroponic and protected cropping techniques, systems, greenhouse types and environments. It also details the use of indoor plant factories, vertical systems, organic hydroponics and aquaponics.Worldwide hydroponic cropping operations can vary from large, corporate producers running many hectares of greenhouse systems particularly for crops such as tomato, cucumber, capsicum and lettuce, to smaller-scale growers growing fresh produce for local markets.Included in this book:Detailed technical information to help growers and students to design and run their own hydroponic operations.In-depth research to explain the factors that influence plant growth, produce quality, post-harvest life and hydroponic plant nutrition.New advances such as the use of organic nutrients and substrates, completely enclosed indoor plant factories and the growing number of small-scale, non-commercial applications.Hydroponics and Protected Cultivation is fully illustrated with colour images and photographs to illustrate key topics and help identify problem areas. It is suitable for growers, researchers and students in horticulture. Table of contents 1: Background and History of Hydroponics and Protected Cultivation 2: Greenhouses and Protected Cropping Structures 3: The Greenhouse Environment and Energy Use 4: Greenhouse Operation and Management 5: Hydroponic Systems – Solution Culture 6: Substrate-based Hydroponic Systems 7: Organic Soilless Greenhouse Systems 8: Propagation and Transplant Production 9: Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Formulation 10: Plant Health, Plant Protection and Abiotic Factors 11: Hydroponic Production of Selected Crops 12: Plant Factories – Closed Plant Production Systems 13: Greenhouse Produce Quality and Assessment 14: Harvest and Postharvest Factors

      • Trusted Partner
        April 2021

        RNAi for Plant Improvement and Protection

        by Bruno Mezzetti, Jeremy Sweet, Lorenzo Burgos

        RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to make major contributions towards sustainable crop production and protection with minimal environmental impacts compared to other technologies. RNAi is being developed and exploited both within plants (i.e. host-induced gene silencing, HIGS) and/or as topical applications (e.g. spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS) for targeting pest and pathogen genes and for manipulating endogenous gene expression in plants. Chapters by international experts review current knowledge on RNAi, methods for developing RNAi systems in GM plants and applications for crop improvement, crop production and crop protection. Chapters examine both endogenous systems in GM plants and exogenous systems where interfering RNAs are applied to target plants, pests and pathogens. The biosafety of these different systems is examined and methods for risk assessment for food, feed and environmental safety are discussed. Finally, aspects of the regulation of technologies exploiting RNAi and the socio-economic impacts of RNAi technologies are discussed. Chapter 1: Introduction to RNAi in Plant Production and Protection. Bruno Mezzetti, Jeremy Sweet and Lorenzo Burgos Chapter 2: Gene silencing to induce pathogen-derived resistance in plants. Zhen Liao, Elena Zuriaga, Ángela Polo and Maria L. Badenes Chapter 3: Exogenous application of small RNAs as a tool for gene function discovering. Barbara Molesini and Tiziana Pandolfini Chapter 4: The “Trojan Horse” approach for successful RNA interference in inscects. Dimitrios Kontogiannatos, Anna Kolliopoulou and Luc Swevers. Chapter 5: Biogenesis and functional RNAi in fruit-trees. Michel Ravelonandro and Pascal Briard Chapter 6: Gene silencing or gene editing: the pros and cons. Huw D Jones Chapter 7: Application of RNAi technology in Forest Trees. Matthias Fladung, Hely Haggman and S. Sutela Chapter 8: Host-induced gene silencing and spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection against viruses. Angela Ricci, Silvia Sabbadini, Laura Miozzi, Bruno Mezzetti and Emanuela Noris. Chapter 9: Small talk and large impact: the importance of small RNA molecules in the fight of plant diseases. Kristian Persson Hodén and Christina Dixelius Chapter 10: dsRNA stability during external applications – an overview. Ivelin Pantchev, Goritsa Rakleova and Atanas Atanassov Chapter 11: Boosting dsRNA delivery in plant and insect cells with peptide- and polymer-based carriers: cases-based current status and future perspectives. Kristof de Schutter, Olivier Christiaens, Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning and Guy Smagghe Chapter 12: Environmental safety assessment of RNAi plants for pest control. Salvatore Arpaia, Olivier Christiaens, Paul Henning Krogh, Kimberly Parker and Jeremy Sweet Chapter 13: Food and feed safety assessment of RNAi plants and products. Hanspeter Naegeli, Gijs Kleter and Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter Chapter 14: Regulatory aspects of RNAi in plant production. Werner Schenkel and Achim Gathmann Chapter 15: The Economics of RNAi technology in plant breeding: from the innovation landscape to consumer acceptance. Dario Frisio and Vera Ventura Chapter 16: Communication challenges of RNAi and selected communication messages from iPLANTA for dissemination. Hilde-Gunn Opsahl-Sorteberg

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        October 2023

        The 1922 Committee

        by Philip Norton

      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine
        February 2020

        The Impact of Research at The International Livestock Research Institute

        by John McIntire, Delia Grace

        This book recounts the history and achievements of research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), including work at its predecessors the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA; 1974-1994) and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD; 1974-1994). The scientific and economic impacts of tropical livestock research reveal valuable lessons, in this work charting the research of these three institutions. Describing mixed crop and livestock systems' impact on the global environment, it also covers animal genetics, production, health and disease control, land management, public policy, and economics. Providing global estimates of the impact of livestock research and with useful pointers for future research, this book provides an important reference for animal scientists and veterinarians working in the global south.

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        March 2022

        Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests

        by Takumasa Kondo, Gillian Watson

        Scale insects feed on plant juices and can easily be transported to new countries on live plants. They sometimes become invasive pests, costing billions of dollars in damage to crops worldwide annually, and farmers try to control them with toxic pesticides, risking environmental damage. Fortunately, scale insects are highly susceptible to control by natural enemies so biological control is possible. They have unique genetic systems, unusual metamorphosis, a broad spectrum of essential symbionts, and some are sources of commercial products like red dyes, shellac and wax. There is, therefore, wide interest in these unusual, destructive, beneficial, and abundant insects. The Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests is the most comprehensive work on worldwide scale insect pests, providing detailed coverage of the most important species (230 species in 26 families, 36% of the species known). Advice is provided on collection, preservation, slide-mounting, vouchering, and labelling of specimens, fully illustrated with colour photographs, diagrams and drawings. Pest species are presented in two informal groups of families, the 'primitive' Archaeococcids followed by the more 'advanced' Neococcids, covered in phylogenetic order. Each family is illustrated and diagnosed based on features of live and slide-mounted specimens, with information on numbers of genera and species, main hosts, distribution, and biology. For the important pest species, coverage includes information on the morphology of live and slide-mounted specimens, common names, principal synonyms, geographical distribution, plant hosts, plant damage and economic impact, reproductive biology, dispersal, and management strategies including biological, cultural and chemical control, sterile insect techniques, regulatory control, early warning systems and field monitoring. An additional complete list of scale insect pests worldwide is provided, comprising 642 species in 28 scale insect families (about 8% of the 8396 species of living scales known), with information on plant hosts, geographical distribution and validation sources. Beneficial uses of scale insects as sources of red dyes, natural resins and waxes, as agents for invasive weed control. The importance of their honeydew to bees for making honey, and as a food source to other animals, are included. Academic researchers, students, entomologists, pest management officials in agribusiness or government including plant quarantine identifiers, extensionists, farmers, field scientists and ecologists will all benefit from this book.

      • Trusted Partner
        July 2023

        Urban Pest Management

        An Environmental Perspective

        by Partho Dhang

        The management and control of pests in the urban environment in the 21st Century faces many challenges. Pest populations adapt to changing conditions brought about by environmental changes caused by global warming, human population growth, and increased pollution. Urban pests are able to expand their ranges, densities, and habitats, sometimes causing large-scale damage and disease. This book provides collective insights from academic and industry experts on perspectives concerning urban pest management and regulatory innovations arising from the rapid onset of recent environmental challenges. Chapter topics address pest biology, advances in urban pest management practices, emerging urban pest control developments, new technologies, and regulations. The book describes new methods of pest control, their impacts on human health and the environment, and strategies for integrated management limiting the use of chemicals. It provides a practical resource for researchers and policy makers in pest management, urban health, medical entomology and environmental science. · An up-to-date and comprehensive resource on environmental urban pest management · Designed to appeal to pest control operators, public health professionals, and a range of field workers, as well as researching academics and graduate students · Brings both academic and industry experts together in one volume

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        Sport & leisure industries
        March 2007

        Tourism and Protected Areas

        Benefits Beyond Boundaries

        by Robyn Bushell, Paul F J Eagles

        Published on behalf of The Task Force on Tourism and Protected Areas of the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), this book serves as a comprehensive record of the tourism issues discussed at the World Parks Congress held in Durban, South Africa in 2003. The issues discussed reflect the past 10 years of global challenges and lessons learnt in protected area management, the place of tourism in this and the projected issues for the next decade.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        February 2010

        Committee governance in the European Union

        by Thomas Christiansen, Emil Kirchner, Emil Kirchner, Thomas Christiansen

        Committees are a pervasive presence in the EU policy process yet little is known about the way in which they operate. This volume, newly available in paperback, brings together an international group of experts from a number of disciplinary backgrounds to provide a comprehensive account of the role played by committees in the European Union. The book looks at committees in the context of inter-institutional relations, a focus based on the recognition that the relationships between Commission, Council, Parliament and national authorities - rather than the institutions themselves - are crucial to the understanding of European policy-making. Much of that interaction is regularised in various kinds of committees and the book provides an in-depth analysis of the nature and the effects of 'committee governance' in the EU system. A number of case studies (monetary, policy, trade, environment, spatial planning and foreign policy) examine the role of committees in specific areas. These are framed by broader perspectives which provide theoretical, statistical and normative analyses of the phenomenon of committee governance. ;

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        May 2020

        Optical Manipulation of Pests and Beneficial Arthropods

        by David Ben-Yakir, Antoine Abrieux, Joanna C. Chiu, Joseph E. Funderbunk, Daphna Gottlieb, Gábor Horváth, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Un Taek Lim, Xavier Martini, Masami Shimoda, Robert van Tol

        Arthropod pests, pollinators, and natural enemies of pests have a great economic importance to human health and food supply worldwide. Arthropods use optical cues to find food and suitable oviposition sites, daily and seasonal activities, orientation and navigation. Most arthropods have compound eyes with receptors for UV light (peak sensitivity at 360 nm) and for green-yellow light (peak sensitivity at 520-540 nm). Many arthropods also have simple eyes (ocelli) that respond to changes in light intensity. Some arthropods can detect linearly polarized light and use it as an optical cue for oviposition sites, finding of hosts and navigation.The properties of the optical cue, such as wavelength, intensity, polarization, size, shape and contrast, greatly affect their response to the optical cue. Therefore, manipulation of optical cues can interfere or enhance arthropods' activities and development. UV light has been used to attract insects for monitoring and control. The patterns of UV reflected from flowers and plants affect arthropods' preference to visit them. The absence of UV light often deters arthropods and decreases their dispersal rate. UVB induces general stress in plants which may increase their resistance to arthropod pests. Green-yellow color induces landing and favors settling (arresting) of many plant feeding arthropods. High levels of reflected sunlight (above 25% of sun radiation) deters arthropods' landing and reduces settling. The recent use of monochromatic lights to increase crop yield, or to induce desirable plant characteristics, is expected to affect the activity of the associated arthropds as well. Optical manipulations are proposed as a part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for open-field and protected crops, and for protecting the health of humans and domestic animals. This book contains up-to-date reviews of the published literature, some unpublished results of the authors, and suggestions for future research and development of this method.

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