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      • Anness Publishing

        At Anness Publishing we have just celebrated our 30th anniversary and we are one of the largest independent book publishers in the UK having produced over 3000 titles, many of which have sold a million copies. In total we have sold in excess of 225,000,000 heavily-illustrated books, with subjects spanning cooking and crafts, gardening, new age, reference, hobbies and transport as well as a lively and successful list of pre-school activity and home study reference books for children. LORENZ BOOKS, our trade sales imprint for hardback non-fiction titles, has justifiably forged a reputation as one of the foremost imprints in illustrated publishing worldwide, with award-winning titles that cover the widest range of practical and reference subjects. SOUTHWATER is our trade sales paperback imprint, renowned for its extremely competitive pricing policy, fantastic packaging and quality, and the depth of its list. ARMADILLO is our trade imprint for illustrated children's fiction and non-fiction titles. We publish a wide range of traditional children's story books, pre-school and novelty books, as well as highly illustrated information books in the areas of science, history and natural history, and practical and creative project and activity books.

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      • Peter Lang Group

        Peter Lang Group specializes in the Humanities and Social Sciences, covering the complete publication spectrum from monographs to student coursebooks.

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      • Trusted Partner
        The Forest of the Future – A New Reality
        November 2021

        The Forest of the Future – A New Reality

        Understanding the ecosystem

        by Hans Jürgen Böhmer

        What happened with forest dieback? The predictions of the 1980s that forests would be in decline across Europe have not come true. Currently, attention again focuses on the doom scenarios of the loss of entire forests and cultural landscapes in an emotional and sometimes hysterical debate. Biogeographer Hans Jürgen Böhmer refers to updated case studies and his 30 years of research experience on global ecosystems to demonstrate extremely complex interrelations of the natural world that various actors monitor in contrasting ways and characterized by different times and ideologies. Böhmer advocates to embed the sustainability debate more strongly in the living environment, rather than relying exclusively on model calculations.

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        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food 2

        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food 2

        by Lam Chua

        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food 2 is a sequel to Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food, involving Mr. Chua's travel notes and random thoughts on his trip for savoring food, especially his new articles as well as his Weibo post about delicacies, anecdotes and scenery during 2018 to 2020. What Mr. Chua delivers to us in this book goes beyond just travelling and food, but more of his refreshing insight into life's ups and downs.

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        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food
        Food & Drink

        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food

        by Lam Chua

        Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food involves Mr. Chua's travel notes and random thoughts on his trip for savoring food. He experiences around the world from Moscow to Buenos Aires, feasting your eyes on European and American styles and customs; he travels around China from Dalian of Liaoning to Sheung Wan of Hong Kong, savoring local culture and cuisines; he talks about food from cup noodles and sauce to fish roes and curry, airing opinions and making comments in passionate language. Besides, the book is illustrated by the Hong Kong talented artist as well as Mr. Chua's dedicated illustrator Ms. Meilo So. Her loose, flowing, and easily recognizable style add more appeal and interest to the book.

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        Forest Hydrology
        Business, Economics & Law
        September 2016

        Forest Hydrology

        Processes, Management and Assessment

        by Devendra Amatya, Thomas Williams, Leon Bren, Carmen de Jong

        Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. This book: - Presents cutting edge thinking and assessments in forest hydrology across all latitudes and terrains, including state-of-the-art modelling techniques and methodologies - Describes the latest challenges facing forest hydrology, such as increased occurrence of disturbance, due to extreme floods, drought, disease, and fire, potentially caused by climate change - Is written by an internationally renowned team of scientists, engineers, and managers to give a well-rounded review of the subject The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes. ; This book presents cutting edge thinking and assessments in forest hydrology across all latitudes and terrains, including state-of-the-art modelling techniques and methodologies. It describes challenges facing forest hydrology such as extreme floods, drought, disease, and fire, and is written by an internationally renowned team. ; 1: An Introduction to Forest Hydrology 2: Forest Runoff Processes 3: Forest Evapotranspiration: Measurement and Modelling at Multiple Scales 4: Forest Hydrology of Mountainous and Snow Dominated Watersheds 5: European Perspectives on Forest Hydrology 6: Tropical Forest Hydrology 7: Hydrology of Flooded and Wetland Forests 8: Forest Drainage 9: Hydrological Modeling in Forested Systems 10: Geospatial Technology Applications in Forest Hydrology 11: Forests Cover Changes and Hydrology in Large Watersheds 12: Hydrologic Effects of Forest Management 13: Hydrology of Forests after Wildfire 14: Hydrologic Processes of Reference Watersheds in Experimental Forests, USA 15: Applications of Forest Hydrologic Science to Watershed Management in the 21st Century 16: Hydrology of Taiga Forests in High Northern Latitudes 17: Future Directions in Forest Hydrology

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        International Trade in Forest Products
        March 2021

        International Trade in Forest Products

        Lumber Trade Disputes, Models and Examples

        by G Cornelis van Kooten, Linda Voss

        Because of the long-standing Canada-U.S. lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and facilitate readers in easily constructing their own models to analyse policy questions that they wish to address, whether in forestry or some other sector. Examples in the book are meant to illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one nation on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world. This book will appeal to practising economists and researchers who wish to examine various policies that affect international trade, whether their interest is local or international in scope. Because the book provides the theoretical bases underlying various models, students and practitioners will find this a valuable reference book or supplementary textbook.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Long Poems: Death in a Stone Cell and Floating Wood
        Literature & Literary Studies
        March 2017

        Long Poems: Death in a Stone Cell and Floating Wood

        by Lofu

        Lofu is widely acknowledged as a great poet in contemporary Chinese poetic circles. He has made great contributions through his long poems, which have served to promote the development of contemporary Chinese poetry. His collection of long poems includes “Death in a Stone Cell” and“Floating Wood”. Lofu was a nominee for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001 for his long poem “Floating Wood”.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Tilda Appleseed. Christmas in the Winter Forest
        Children's & YA

        Tilda Appleseed. Christmas in the Winter Forest

        by Andreas H. Schmachtl

        There are 24 days to go until Christmas. In the mouse house there is a delicious smell of punch, and Tilda busily hunts through her pantry: she wants to do some baking. The best of all flavours is still Aunt Emily’s frost-hip jelly. Christmas can’t come without that. But what a shock! There are no frost hips left! And it’s so difficult to get fresh ones, because they only grow in the north. Without further ado, Tilda sets off on an exciting journey through the winter forest, and she has the most weird and wonderful Christmas adventures on the way…

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        The Forest
        2022

        The Forest

        by Sebastián Ilabaca

        This large-size wimmel-boardbook in leporello format can be opened to a length of nearly three-and-a-half metres. It invites you on an immersive journey through the woods. On the one hand you will find the secret life of a forest populated by flora and fauna that seem enchanted. A journey to the depths of the forest where we observe how dozens of animals coexist, walking, exploring, singing, playing, running, playing instruments, dancing, bathing, hugging and taking care of each other. On the other side, a farm with inhabitants who love their environment and cultivate it. 10 flaps to discover hidden animals. Back cover brings a quote from the painter Henri Matisse. Awards: Fundación Cuatrogatos, USA, 2022; “The Best of Banco del Libro”, Venezuela, 2022; Colibrí Medal 2023, Ibby Chile; Best Picture Book 2023, Ministry of Culture, Chile

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      • Trusted Partner
        The Fox: King of the Forest
        2017

        The Fox: King of the Forest

        (A Story for Youth, 4 Colors)

        by Zakaria Al-Qadi

        The novel blends imagination with reality, exploring the struggle between opposites: good and evil, truth and lies, spontaneity and intent. It addresses the essence of humanity, untethered by time or place, and delves into the timeless journey of human existence.

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        The wood engravers' self portrait
        Literature & Literary Studies
        May 2022

        The wood engravers' self portrait

        by Bethan Stevens

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        Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Fragmented Forest Landscapes
        Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques
        October 2007

        Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Fragmented Forest Landscapes

        The Forests of Montane Mexico and Temperate South America

        by Adrian C Newton

        Increasing concern surrounding the loss of natural forests and the decline in biodiversity has lead to a rise in research and policy initiatives in recent years. However, interest has focused primarily on lowland tropical rainforests. Tropical montane and temperate rainforests, which face similar pressures from human activities and play major roles in the livelihood of rural communities, are often ignored. Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Fragmented Forest Landscapes is the product of over 10 years of intensive field research into the changing montane and temperate rainforests of Mexico and South America. By concentrating on these largely overlooked environments, the studies reported allow for comparative analysis across areas and help identify how human disturbance has impacted the biodiversity of all forest types. Chapters incorporate features of landscape ecology, floristic biodiversity, conservation and policy and vary from in-depth investigations of a single study area to integrated examinations across regions.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Global Forest Fragmentation
        Deforestation
        September 2014

        Global Forest Fragmentation

        by Alexandra-Maria Klein, Aline Finger, Andrew D. Barnes, Bruce L. Webber, Campbell O. Webb, Christopher Barr, Claude Garcia, Edgar C. Turner, Jan C. Habel, Joern Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Katharine J.M. Dickinson, Keith Barney, Kelvin S.H Peh, Kinari Webb, Laurène Feintrenie, Jahi Chappell, Panut Hadisiswoyo, Raphael K. Didham, Rhett D. Harrison, Richard T. Corlett, Richard B. Primack, Sarah A. Laird, Sarah H. Luke, Shonil Bhagwat, Stacy M. Philpott, Timm F. Döbert, Ute Radespiel. Edited by Chris J Kettle, Lian Pin Koh.

        Forest fragmentation will inevitably continue over the coming years, especially in developing economies. This book provides a cutting edge review of the multi-disciplinary sciences related to studies of global forest fragmentation. It specifically addresses cross-cutting themes from both an ecological and a social sciences perspective. The ultimate goal of Global Forest Fragmentation is to provide a detailed scientific base to support future forest landscape management and planning to meet global environmental and societal needs.

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      • Trusted Partner
        What Grows in the Forest
        Picture books, activity books & early learning material
        2019

        What Grows in the Forest

        by Kateryna Mikhalitsyna

        This is the third picture book from the informative series about trees by Ukrainian writer Kateryna Mikhalitsyna and illustrator Oksana Bula. This is a story about how a grumpy badger and naughty squirrels saved the forest from the fire. Readers will also learn how spruce and larch prepare for the winter, and whether oak moss is actually a moss and why one should not burn deadwood because its not really dead. The book is also interactive: you can try and find all the firebugs hidden in the pictures, learn to distinguish different trees and make a garland in ecostyle.

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        Out There, in the Forest & Ein Ro’eem

        Out There, in the Forest & Ein Ro’eem

        Two Plays

        by Shmuel Cohavy

        Ein Ro'eem is a comedy that takes place on a kibbutz in Israel. Some kibbutz members create a show for a children's celebration and rehearse in a field amid successful and unsuccessful love affairs that threaten to derail the performance. Meanwhile, the kibbutz decides to cut down part of its unprofitable orchard, inspiring orchard workers to strike. Will they save the orchard? Will the love affairs survive? And will the show succeed? In Out There, in the Forest, three plots are intertwined. A British journalist is intrigued by a mysterious masked murderer in The East African Republic and travels there to find him. Who is this murderer? Is there a reason for his attacks, or is he simply a lunatic? He desperately wants to look the murderer in the eyes. Meanwhile, three American women struggle with harsh living conditions in a cave in the jungle. Will they survive their battle against nature? Simultaneously, the local population rebels against their ruler, who rose to power in a military coup. Will their revolt succeed or will they continue to endure the harsh regime? Shmuel Cohavy is an Israeli writer who spent most of his youth on a kibbutz. He also worked at the Timna copper mines and studied history and filmmaking at Tel Aviv University. Although Cohavy’s plays have been presented in the Finborough Theatre in London, this book marks the first time his plays have been published in English. An English-language eBook edition was published in late 2014 by Samuel Wachtman’s Sons, Inc., CA. 314 pages, 15 x 22.5 cm

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      • Trusted Partner
        Hazel Wood
        August 2018

        Hazel Wood

        Wo alles beginnt

        by Melissa Albert, Fabienne Pfeiffer, Frauke Schneider

        Alice hat schon immer das Gefühl gehabt, vom Unheil verfolgt zu sein. Ihr Leben nimmt eine dramatische Wendung, als ihre Großmutter, die geheimnisumwobene Märchenerzählerin Althea Proserpine, stirbt und kurz darauf ihre Mutter spurlos verschwindet. Zurück bleibt nur eine kryptische Nachricht: „Halt dich fern von Hazel Wood“. Getrieben von dem Bedürfnis, ihre Mutter zu finden und das Rätsel ihrer eigenen Vergangenheit zu lösen, begibt sich Alice auf eine Reise, die sie tief in das Herz der Dunkelheit und zu den Wurzeln ihrer Familiengeschichte führt. Hazel Wood, der Ort, an dem alles begann und der eng mit den düsteren Märchen ihrer Großmutter verwoben ist, scheint der Schlüssel zu sein, um das Geheimnis zu lüften und ihre Mutter zu retten. Je näher Alice Hazel Wood kommt, desto mehr offenbart sich eine Welt, die weit über ihre kühnsten Träume und schlimmsten Albträume hinausgeht. Sie entdeckt eine unheimliche Wahrheit, die alles, was sie über sich selbst und ihre Familie zu wissen glaubte, in Frage stellt. Die Grenzen zwischen Realität und Märchen verschwimmen, und Alice muss sich den dunklen Kräften stellen, die Hazel Wood beherrschen. Um ihre Mutter zu finden und sich selbst zu befreien, muss sie tiefer in die magische und gefährliche Welt eintauchen, als sie je für möglich gehalten hätte. "Hazel Wood" ist nicht nur ein Ort, sondern auch ein Prüfstein für Alice, der sie zwingt, über Mut, Identität und die Macht der Geschichten, die wir erzählen, neu nachzudenken. Die düstere und fesselnde Welt von "Hazel Wood" entführt in das Erbe dunkler Märchen und ungelöster Familiengeheimnisse, die auf die Protagonistin Alice warten. Eine einzigartige Geschichte, die sich in den urbanen Schatten New Yorks entfaltet, führt auf eine unvergessliche Reise an den Ursprung eines alten Fluchs. Innovatives Fantasy-Debüt, das mit seiner Sogwirkung und den logisch verwobenen düsteren Märchenelementen Leser weltweit begeistert hat. Meisterhaft erzählte Handlung, die die unheimliche und düstere Seite von Märchen aufzeigt und spannende Unterhaltung garantiert. International gefeierter All-Age-Roman, der mit seiner brillanten Verbindung von fantastischer Literatur, Märchen, Horror und Thriller zu einem echten Pageturner wird.

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        Connecting centre and locality
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        May 2020

        Connecting centre and locality

        by Chris R. Kyle, Jason Peacey, Alastair Bellany

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        Little Unicorn Finya Brightstar. Read-Aloud Stories from the Wishing Wood

        Little Unicorn Finya Brightstar. Read-Aloud Stories from the Wishing Wood

        by Mila Berg/Marina Krämer

        In the secret Wishing Wood, a wonderful world of unicorns is just waiting to be discovered! Enjoy magical adventures in the company of the little unicorn Finya Brightstar and her friends, Trixie the goblin girl and Kalle the bat. When they leave their tent one night, the three brave friends find out the cause of some strange noises. They come up with a clever plan to help the big unicorn Elara, who has been feeling horribly sad for several days. And when Finya and Trixie have a nasty quarrel, Kalle succeeds in getting them to make up. Because after all, best friends are always there for one another! Twelve stories to read aloud, on a wide range of subjects, all sheer delight! With beautifully designed four-colour illustrations by Marina Krämer on every page, and fine foil embossing on the cover. Ideal for bedtime reading.

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        Europe's Changing Woods and Forests
        Business, Economics & Law
        October 2016

        Europe's Changing Woods and Forests

        From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes

        by Tibor Hartel, Keith Kirby, Thomas Ranius, Charles Watkins, Peter Buckley, Peter S Savill, Chris Quine, Matthias Bürgi, John Fletcher, Robert Hearn, Martin Hermy, Diego Moreno, Tomasz Samojlik, George Peterken, Xavier Rochel, Per Angelstam, Jim Latham, Emma Goldberg, Roberta Cevasco, Clive Potter, Juha Siitonen, Robert Fuller

        Our understanding of the historical ecology of European forests has been transformed in the last twenty years. Bringing together key findings from across the continent, Europe's Changing Woods and Forests: From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes provides a comprehensive account of recent research and the relevance of historical studies to our current conservation and management of forests. Combining theory with a series of regional case studies, this book shows how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area, with broad implications for woodland history, policy and management. Beginning with an overview of Europe's woods and forests, the book reviews a variety of management techniques (including wood-pastures, coppicing, close-to-nature forestry and the impact of hunting), describes how plants and animals respond to changes in woodland and forest cover, and includes case histories from around the continent. It concludes with a discussion of how lessons learned from the past can help in the future. This book is both a vital resource and an interesting read for foresters, conservationists, landscape historians, geographers and ecologists. ; This book provides a comprehensive account of the relevance of historical studies to current conservation and management of forests. It combines theory with a series of regional case studies to show how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area. ; I: ContributorsII: PrefaceIII: AcknowledgementsPART 1: Introduction and Overview1.0: Overview of Europe’s woods and forests1.1: Introduction1.2: The current state and composition of European woods and forests1.2.1: European forests in a global context1.2.2: Variation in forest cover across the continent1.2.3: Variation in forest composition1.3: Forestry policy and cooperation at a European level 01.3.1: Forestry policy1.3.2: Conservation measures1.3.3: Landscape and amenity conservation.1.3.4: Certification as an approach to sustainable forestry management1.3.5: Forest research cooperation across Europe1.4: Conclusion1.5: References2.0: Methods and approaches in the study of woodland history2.1: Introduction2.2: Oral history2.3: Photographs and drawings2.4: Biological indicators2.5: Historical records2.6: Preserved wood and dendrochronology2.7: Lidar and GIS2.8: Applying archaeological insights to ecological issues2.9: Pollen and charcoal analysis2.10: Conclusion2.11: References3.0: The forest landscape before farming3.1: Where to begin?3.2: A cold open continent3.3: Trees spread back after the ice3.3.1: Forming a canopy 53.3.2: The wood beneath the trees3.3.3: Molecular markers for re-colonisation routes.3.4: A holey blanket of trees3.5: The role of large herbivores, particularly bison, wild horse and aurochs3.6: People in the landscape: the trees in retreat3.7: References4.0: Evolution of modern landscapes4.1: Introduction4.2: The emergence of woodland management4.3: Changes in forest extent and distribution4.3.1: Reductions in forest cover4.3.2: Increases as well as decreases4.3.3: Patterns of clearance and survival4.3.4: The ecological consequences of a patchy landscape4.4: Changes in structure and composition through management4.5: Deliberate modification of the tree and shrub composition of forests4.6: Other species gains and losses4.7: Changes to the fire regime4.8: Changes to the forest soil4.9: Forests and atmospheric pollution4.10: Climate change4.11: Conclusion4.12: ReferencesPART 2: The variety of management across European woods and forests5.0: Wood-pastures in Europe5.1: Introduction5.2: Wood-pasture: a multi-purpose system5.3: Historical development of wood-pastures in Europe5.3.1: Forest grazing and pasturing in ancient times5.3.2: Driving the livestock out of the forest (18th-19th centuries)5.3.4: New recognition for wood-pastures?5.4: National inventories of wood-pastures5.5: Wood-pastures as multi-functional landscape elements: past and present5.6: Threats to wood-pastures5.6.1: Management changes5.6.2: Policy mismatch5.6.3: Decline of old, hollowing or dying trees5.6.4: Lack of regeneration5.7: Conclusions5.8: Acknowledgements5.9: References6.0: Coppice silviculture: from the Mesolithic to the 21st century6.1: Introduction6.2: The physiological and evolutionary significance of coppice6.3: Historic development of coppice silviculture6.4: The rise and fall of coppice as an industrial resource6.5: Surviving and neglected coppice in Europe: the extent of the forest estate6.6: Coppice silviculture6.6.1: Cutting methods6.6.2: Time of cutting6.7: Conversion to high forest6.7.1: Coppice versus high forest yields6.8: Reinstating coppice management6.9: Future drivers of change6.10: References7.0: High forest management and the rise of even-aged stands7.1: Introduction7.2: Changing from coppice to high forest systems7.3: The need for new administrative tools7.4: Silvicultural systems7.5: The rise of plantations7.6: Increased use of conifers and introduced species7.7: How forestry is changing7.8: Future high forest and natural forest structures7.9: References8.0: Close-to-nature forestry8.1: Introduction8.2: Roots and pre-requisites8.3: Developments in the 20th century8.4: Ecological implications8.5: Conclusion8.6: References9.0: The impact of hunting on European woodland from medieval to modern9.1: Introduction9.2: Early impacts of hunting9.3: Meat or merit?9.4: Medieval hunting reserves9.5: Early modern hunting parks in Europe9.6: Hunting and the wider landscape9.7: Modern hunting9.7.1: The influence of driven pheasant shoots on British woodland9.7.2: The influence of modern hunting enclosures on Spanish woodland9.8: Conclusion9.9: ReferencesPART 3: How plants and animals have responded to the changing woodland and forest cover.10.0: The flora and fauna of coppice woods: winners and losers of active management or neglect10.1: Introduction10.2: The diversity of coppice10.2.1: Plants10.2.2: Birds10.2.3: Invertebrates10.2.4: Deadwood and associated species10.2.5: Mammals10.3: Impacts of deer browsing on flora and fauna in coppice10.4: Conservation strategies10.5: Short Rotation Coppice10.6: Conclusion10.7: References11.0: The importance of veteran trees for saproxylic insects11.1: Introduction11.2: What are saproxylic species11.3: Veteran trees in past and present landscapes11.4: Important structures and associated species in old trees11.4.1: Microhabitat diversity11.4.2: Tree cavities and their invertebrates11.4.3: Other microhabitats11.5: Effects of environmental factors on the invertebrate fauna11.5.1: Effects of tree characteristics on species assemblages11.5.2: Effects of surrounding landscape on species assemblages11.5.3: Catering for the needs of the adult as well as the larvae11.5.4: Survey methods11.6: Current situation in Europe11.7: How to preserve the specialized saproxylic species?11.7.1: Management for increasing habitat amount and quality11.7.2: Management for securing spatio-temporal continuity11.8: Future prospects11.9: References12.0: The changing fortunes of woodland birds in temperate Europe12.1: Introduction12.2: The birds of the early Holocene12.3: The birds of the wildwood: alternative models of forest dynamics12.3.1: Largely closed forest – ‘closed canopy’ scenario12.3.2: Open mosaic landscape – ‘wood pasture’ scenario12.3.3: Forest-dominated, but more varied – ‘closed but varied’ scenario12.4: Fragmentation of the wildwood12.5: Effects of the historical emergence of management12.6: The age of managed pasture woods and coppice12.7: The shift towards high forest12.8: Woodland birds today12.8.1: Population trends12.8.2: Influences of agriculture12.8.3: Forestry intensification12.8.4: Birds and afforestation12.9: Recent trends12.10: Conclusions12.11: References13.0: Evolution and changes in the understorey of deciduous forests: lagging behind drivers of change13.1: Introduction13.2: Background13.3: What sorts of plants occur in forests?13.4: Comparing ancient and recent forests13.5: Colonization of new forests13.6: Dispersal and recruitment limitation13.7: Changing ancient forests13.7.1: Management effects13.7.2: Effects of environmental changes13.7.3: Effects of grazing13.7.4: Effects of invasive non-native species13.8: Conserving and expanding forests: does it work?13.9: References14.0: Gains and losses in the European mammal fauna14.1: Introduction14.2: Aurochs14.3: The carnivores14.3.1: Wolf14.3.2: Brown bear14.3.3: Lynx14.4: The Beaver14.5: A species that has done too well14.6: The decline and rise of wild boar and deer14.6.1: Wild boar14.6.2: Deer14.7: Conclusion14.8: References15.0: The curious case of the even-aged plantation: wretched, funereal or misunderstood?15.1: Introduction15.2: What is an even-aged plantation?15.3: A brief historical overview of Atlantic spruce forests15.3.1: The dominance of Sitka spruce15.3.2: Breaking up the conifer blanket15.4: Species composition of spruce plantations15.5: Ecological implications of stand dynamics15.5.1: Precursors - the creation of woodland through afforestation (Stage 0)15.5.2: Stand initiation (Stage 1)15.5.3: The impact of stand development – canopy closure and mortality (Stages 2 and 3)15.5.4: Prolonging the rotation and developing multiple storeys (Stage 4)15.5.5: Resetting the woodland through disturbance15.6: Forest design15.7: The landscape setting15.8: Where next?15.9: Conclusions15.10: ReferencesPART 4: A variety of woodland histories.16.0: Historical ecology in modern conservation in Italy16.1: Introduction16.2: Background16.3: The spread of an historical ecological approach in European conservation thinking16.3.1: Forestry versus Woodmanship16.3.2: Woodland or land-bearing-trees16.3.3: The need for an inter-disciplinary approach16.3.4: The role of historical ecology16.4: Integrating Historical and Local Knowledge into Management Strategies16.4.1: An introduction to the case studies16.4.2: Trees and Woodlands Producing Leaf Fodder16.4.3: Trees, woodland and soil fertility16.4.4: The collection of litter16.4.5: Trees invading bogs: an experiment in applied historical ecology16.5: Conclusion16.6: References17.0: Bialowieza Primeval Forest: a 2000-year interplay of environmental and cultural forces in Europe’s best preserved temperate woodland17.1: Introduction17.2: Previous studies17.3: A new palaeo-ecological record for Bialowieza Primeval Forest17.3.1: Methods17.3.2: Results17.4: Archaeological evidence17.5: Archival studies17.5.1: Royal forest of Polish kings17.5.2: Under Russian rule17.5.3: World War I to the present17.5.4: Changes in land use extent and character17.6: Dendro-chronological analyses of fire dynamics17.7: Interplay of natural and cultural forces17.7.1: The Iron Age17.7.2: The Migration Period, mediaeval and early modern times17.7.3: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries17.7.4: The nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries17.7.5: The recent decades17.8: The role of large herbivores in shaping BNP17.9: Conclusions17.10: Acknowledgements17.11: References18.0: Woodland history in the British Isles - an interaction of environmental and cultural forces.18.1: Introduction18.2: Outline of British woodland history18.3: Historical stages and processes of change18.4: Regions18.4.1: Pre-Neolithic wildwood18.4.2: Exploited wildwood18.4.3: Traditional woodland management18.4.4: Parks, Forests and wooded commons18.4.5: Improved traditional management18.4.6: Plantations18.4.7: Revival and restoration of native woodland18.5: Some consequences of differences in regional history18.6: References19.0: Forest management and species composition: an historical approach in Lorraine, France19.1: Introduction19.2: The study of forest history in France19.3: Historical forest uses and their consequences on forest management19.4: The making of the technical and legislative framework19.5: The consequences of forestry policies on forest composition in woodlands of Lorraine19.6: The modern forest - conclusion19.7: References20.0: Barriers and bridges for sustainable forest management: the role of landscape history in Swedish Bergslagen20.1: Introduction20.2: The European scale20.3: The regional scale20.4: Bergslagen – an introduction20.5: Forests, forest ownership and land use dynamics20.6: Barriers to sustainability20.6.1: Ecological sustainability20.6.2: Economic sustainability20. 6.3: Social and cultural sustainability20.7: Bridges towards sustainable forest management20.8: Discussion20.8.1: From forest history to history of forest landscapes20.8.2: Landscapes with different histories: using space for time substitution20.9: ReferencesPART 5: Lessons from the past for the future?21.0: The development of forest conservation in Europe21.1: Introduction21.2: Why conserve forests?21.2.1: As a spiritual place21.2.2: As a place for the Chase21.2.3: As a source of raw materials and a barrier against the elements21.2.4: For a new form of communing with the forests21.3: Type and extent of Protected Forest Areas21.4: Selection of protected areas21.5: Developing a European perspective21.6: Forest protection and conservation as part of land-use practice.21.7: Rewilding and forest conservation21.8: From the past to the future21.8.1: Conservation for people?21.8.2: What sorts of woods and forests will be conserved in future?21.9: References22.0: The UK’s Ancient Woodland Inventory and its Use22.1: Introduction22.2: Developing the ancient woodland concept22.3: The creation of the ancient woodland inventory22.4: Developing and using the inventories22.4.1: England: the ‘Red Queen’ dilemma22.4.2: Wales22.4.3: Scotland22.4.4: Northern Ireland22.5: Testing the limits of the English inventories22.5.1: Uncertain evidence22.5.2: What is a wood?22.5.3: How small can an ancient wood be?22.6: Conclusion22.7: References23.0: Tree and forest pests and diseases: learning from the past to prepare for the future23.1: Introduction23.2: Background23.2.1: Dutch Elm Disease, Ramorum blight and Ash Dieback23.3: The Dutch Elm Disease outbreak23.4: ‘Sudden Oak Death’ (ramorum blight) in the UK23.5: A landscape without ash?23.6: The lessons from history23.7: References24.0: Reflections24.1: Introduction24.2: Ways of exploring and understanding woodland histories24.3: Issues for the future historian24.4: From cultural landscapes back to wildwood?24.5: Europe’s woods and forests: the future?

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