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      • Trusted Partner
        The Fruit Fly Fauna (Diptera : Tephritidae : Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville
        January 2022

        The Fruit Fly Fauna (Diptera : Tephritidae : Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville

        by Richard A I Drew, Meredith C Romig

        The book is a taxonomic treatise of the tropical fruit flies of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, associated islands and Bougainville, the region of the world where speciation in the sub-family Dacinae has been most prolific. The book aims to provide readers with an updated record of all known species of Dacinae that occur in this geographic area including descriptions of 65 new species out of an entire list of 296 known species covered. It provides a discussion on the evolutionary origins of the Dacinae and a key to the genera and sub-genera recorded in the Australian-Pacific Region. Further, the major pest species and their biosecurity risks to other countries are discussed. Extensive field research by the authors and colleagues over many years has resulted in the accumulation of advanced knowledge of the tropical fruit flies in this region. - Records 296 known species - Descriptions and artwork of 65 new species - Discusses the evolutionary origins of the Dacinae - Provides a key to the genera and sub-genera in the Australian-Pacific A key reference for researchers of taxonomy, ecology and pest management in the family Tephritidae worldwide. Useful for biosecurity and horticulture workers in Agriculture Departments within government administration and universities around the world.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Fungal Plant Pathogens
        May 2023

        Fungal Plant Pathogens

        by Charles R Lane, Paul Beales, Kelvin J D Hughes

        Covering the key techniques used when working with fungal plant pathogens, this practical manual deals with recognition of disease symptoms, detection and identification of fungi and methods to characterise them well as curation, quarantine and quality assurance. This new edition includes updates with respect to: Greater awareness and concern internationally about plant health and biosecurity Molecular biology - next generation sequencing and in field detection Improved opportunities for surveillance and detection in substrates, such as remote sensing Changes in taxonomy and reference to more current fungal plant pathogens New chapters on tree health, and public awareness, outreach and communications Fungal Plant Pathogens 2nd edition provides a valuable guide to investigating fungal plant diseases and interpreting laboratory findings for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, extension plant pathologists, consultants and advisers in agriculture and horticulture and the food supply chain.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Livestock Handling and Transport
        Science & Mathematics
        May 2016

        Livestock Handling and Transport

        by Temple Grandin

        Edited by world-renowned animal scientist Dr. Temple Grandin, this practical book integrates scientific research and industry literature on cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, deer, and horses, in both the developed and developing world, to provide a practical guide to humane handling and minimizing animal stress. Reviewing the latest research on transport systems, restraint methods and facilities for farms and slaughterhouses, this fully updated fourth edition of Livestock Handling and Transport includes new coverage of animal handling in South America, and reviews extensive new research on pig transportation in North America. ; This book integrates research and industry literature on cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, deer, and horses, in both the developed and developing world, to provide a guide to humane handling and minimizing stress. Fully updated, it reviews the latest research on transport systems, restraint methods and facilities for farms and slaughterhouses. ; I: PrefaceChapter 1: A Whole Systems Approach to Assessing Animal Welfare During Handling and RestraintChapter 2: General Principles of Stress and WellbeingChapter 3: Welfare of Transported Animals: Factors Influencing Welfare and Welfare AssessmentChapter 4: Behavioural Principles of Handling Cattle and Other Grazing Animals Under Extensive ConditionsChapter 5: Low-stress Restraint, Handling, and Sorting of CattleChapter 6: Handling Cattle Raised in Close Association with PeopleChapter 7: Handling Facilities and Restraint of Extensively Raised Range CattleChapter 8: Dairy Cattle Behaviour, Facilities, Handling, Transport, Automation, and Well-BeingChapter 9: Cattle Transport by RoadChapter 10: Handling and Transport of Cattle and Pigs in South AmericaChapter 11: Behavioural Principles of Sheep HandlingChapter 12: Design of Sheep Yards and Shearing ShedsChapter 13: Sheep TransportChapter 14: Dogs for Handling and Guarding LivestockChapter 15: Behavioural Principles of Pig HandlingChapter 16: Transport of PigsChapter 17: Transport of Market Pigs: Improvements in Welfare and EconomicsChapter 18: Handling and Transport of HorsesChapter 19: Deer Handling and TransportChapter 20: Poultry Handling and TransportChapter 21: Stress Physiology of Animals During TransportChapter 22: Improving Welfare and Reducing Stress on Animals at Slaughter PlantsChapter 23: Principles of Biosecurity During Transport, Handling, and Slaughter of Animals

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      • Trusted Partner
        Fish Viruses and Bacteria
        Technology, Engineering & Agriculture
        April 2017

        Fish Viruses and Bacteria

        Pathobiology and Protection

        by Patrick T K Woo, Rocco C Cipriano

        Taking a disease-based approach, Fish Viruses and Bacteria: Pathobiology and Protection focuses on the pathobiology of and protective strategies against the most common, major microbial pathogens of economically important marine and freshwater fish. The book covers well-studied, notifiable piscine viruses and bacteria, including new and emerging diseases which can become huge threats to local fish populations in new geographical regions if transported there via infected fish or eggs. A concise but thorough reference work, this book: - Covers key viral and bacterial diseases of notable fish species; - Reviews major well-established piscine pathogens as well as new, emerging and notifiable diseases; and - Contains the most up-to-date research contributed by a team of over fifty world experts. An invaluable bench book for fish health consultants, veterinarians and all those wanting instant access to information, this book is also a useful textbook for students specializing in fish health and research scientists initiating fish disease research programmes. ; Taking a disease-based approach, this book focuses on the pathobiology of and protective strategies against the most common, major microbial pathogens of economically important marine and freshwater fish. It covers well-studied, notifiable piscine viruses and bacteria, including new and emerging diseases. ; 1: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Arun K. Dhar, Scott LaPatra, Andrew Orry and F.C. Thomas Allnutt 2: Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Jo-Ann C. Leong and Gael Kurath 3: Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus, John S. Lumsden 4: Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis and European Catfish Virus, Paul Hick, Ellen Ariel and Richard Whittington 5: Oncogenic Viruses: Oncorhynchus masou Virus and Cyprinid Herpesvirus, Mamoru Yoshimizu, Hisae Kasai, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Nanako Sano and Motohiko Sano 6: Infectious Salmon Anaemia, Knut Falk and Maria Aamelfot 7: Spring Viraemia of Carp, Peter Dixon and David Stone 8: Channel Catfish Viral Disease, Larry A. Hanson and Lester H. Khoo 9: Largemouth Bass Viral Disease, Rodman G. Getchell and Geoffrey H. Groocock 10: Koi Herpesvirus Disease, Keith Way and Peter Dixon 11: Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Anna Toffan 12: Iridoviral Diseases: Red Sea Bream Iridovirus and White Sturgeon Iridovirus, Yasuhiko Kawato, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Kazuhiro Nakajima,Thomas Waltzek and Richard Whittington 13: Alphaviruses in Salmonids, Marius Karlsen and Renate Johansen 14: Aeromonas salmonicida and A. hydrophila, Bjarnheidur K. Gudmundsdottir and Bryndis Bjornsdottir 15: Edwardsiella spp., Matt J. Griffin, Terrence E. Greenway and David J. Wise 16: Flavobacterium spp.: F. psychrophilum, F. columnare and F. branchiophilum, Thomas P. Loch and Mohamed Faisal 17: Francisella noatunensis, Esteban M. Soto and John P. Hawke 18: Mycobacterium spp., David T. Gauthier and Martha W. Rhodes 19: Photobacterium damselae, John P. Hawke 20: Piscirickettsia salmonis, Jerri Bartholomew, Kristen D. Arkush and Esteban M. Soto 21: Renibacterium salmoninarum, Diane G. Elliott 22: Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae, Craig A. Shoemaker, De-Hai Xu and Esteban M. Soto 23: Vibriosis: Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordalii and Aliivibrio salmonicida, Alicia E. Toranzo, Beatriz Magariños and Ruben Avendaño-Herrera 24: Weissella ceti, Timothy J. Welch, David P. Marancik and Christopher M. Good 25: Yersinia ruckeri, Michael Ormsby and Robert Davies

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      • Trusted Partner
        Manual of Animal Andrology
        February 2022

        Manual of Animal Andrology

        by Peter J Chenoweth, Steven Lorton, Roslyn Bathgate, Robert V. Knox, Paul R. Loomis, Cheryl Lopate, Jane M. Morrell, Clifford F Shipley, Kara R. Stewart, Ahmed Tibary

        A succinct reference for those assessing and managing the reproductive functionality of male animals, this practical manual contains both generic and species-specific information suitable for widespread worldwide application. It covers all relevant aspects such as handling and restraint, physical examination, reproductive examination, important reproductive diseases, biosecurity, semen collection and its assessment, mating behaviour, and fundamentals of semen handling and preservation for artificial breeding. A simple, concise 'go-to' for the useful techniques and procedures of animal andrology, this book: - Covers a wide range of species, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, water buffalo, camelids and dogs - Provides normal values and ranges for important male reproductive traits, as well as guidelines for breeding soundness evaluations - Includes extra supplementary illustrations, protocols and resources through accompanying website to enable further learning. With information presented in a manner that will remain useful for years to come, Manual of Animal Andrology is an essential resource for veterinarians, theriogenologists, animal breeders, and students of veterinary and animal sciences.

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      • Trusted Partner
        The Handbook of Ornamental Fish Health and Welfare
        Lifestyle, Sport & Leisure
        December 2024

        The Handbook of Ornamental Fish Health and Welfare

        by Nick Saint-Erne, Nick Saint-Erne

        This book forms a complete resource covering ornamental fish health and welfare from a recognized expert on the topic. Beginning with an overview of the tropical fish industry and aquarium keeping, it covers all the key elements of care, including water-quality testing and maintenance, filtration systems, nutrition, husbandry, handling and transportation of fish, disease diagnosis, treatments and medications, and disease prevention. It also reviews areas of wider interest, such as biosecurity and zoonoses. The book can be read through to gain a complete overview of the care and welfare of ornamental aquarium and pond fish, or it can be used to easily look up specific information about a topic of interest. With numerous illustrations and photographs, plus references allowing readers to study areas of interest in more detail, this book makes an invaluable teaching and reference handbook. It is a vital source of information for veterinarians, scientists using fish in their labs, students, ornamental fish breeders, retail pet store workers, and aquarium keepers looking for trusted advice about how to properly care for their ornamental freshwater fish.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Handbook of Invasive Plant-parasitic Nematodes
        November 2021

        Handbook of Invasive Plant-parasitic Nematodes

        by Ziaul Haque, Mujeebur Rahman Khan

        Plant parasitic nematodes are major pests of agricultural crops and cause huge monetary losses. There is a very high risk of spread of plant-parasitic nematodes from one country to another, with the movement of plants and planting materials such as seeds, bulbs, corms, suckers, tubers, rhizomes, rooted plants, nursery stock and cut flowers. In view of the large quantities and the wide variety of materials being imported and exported, it is important to assess the status of invasive nematodes and their quarantine importance in relation to agricultural trade. This book contains information on around 100 invasive nematodes and their potential threat in different countries. Each nematode entry includes information on authentic identification, geographical distribution, risk of introduction, host ranges, symptoms, biology, ecology, planting material liable to carry the nematode(s), nematode vectors, chance of establishment, likely impact, and phytosanitary measures. There are detailed accounts of diagnosis procedures including sampling, isolation, detection and identification of nematodes based on morphological and molecular characters. The book offers a global perspective on invasive plant-parasitic nematodes and useful for practitioners, professionals, scientists, researchers, students, and government officials working in plant quarantine and biosecurity.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Apicomplexa in Livestock
        August 2023

        Apicomplexa in Livestock

        by Johann Schröder

        The Apicomplexa is a globally prevalent group of parasitic protozoa that cause disease, from malaria in humans to livestock diseases such as coccidiosis, babesiosis (Red Water, Tick Fever) and East Coast Fever. With significant economic impacts, a number of Apicomplexa are also zoonotic, leading to grave potential public health consequences. Infection prevention efforts by immunisation or management of arthropod vector infestation have not been universally successful, and can have knock-on effects such as pollution of the environment and human food chain, and development of insecticidal or acaricidal resistance. This book highlights the similarities and differences between the various Apicomplexa infections, identifying those of greatest significance and suggesting sustainable approaches to better manage their impact on livestock productivity. The book: Reviews Australian livestock as a case study, but highlights global applications, biosecurity concerns and lessons learned; Covers Apicomplexa-caused disease across cattle, pigs, poultry and sheep; Considers human health and environmental impacts, and how sustainable management methods can better outcomes for all. Suitable for researchers and students of veterinary parasitology and related disciplines, it is a valuable resource covering this important set of parasites.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Zebrafish
        Technology, Engineering & Agriculture
        September 2024

        Zebrafish

        A Practical Guide to Husbandry, Welfare and Research Methodology

        by Claire Allen, Jean-Philippe Mocho

        After securing popularity in home aquariums, zebrafish have also become an essential animal for biomedical research. Ensuring they are adequately cared for in research settings is therefore of the utmost importance and this book is designed to help laboratories develop good welfare and husbandry practices, refine procedural protocols and engage with ethical obligations. A wide range of topics are addressed, starting with husbandry aspects such as environmental enrichment, nutrition, housing conditions, diseases, health monitoring, biosecurity and larval rearing. More experimental topics are then discussed, such as genotyping, ageing, imaging, behavioural studies, experimental design and statistics. Ethical challenges are also considered through the environmental impact of aquatic facilities and the 3Rs - Replacement, Reduction and Refinement - with a focus on anaesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia and severity assessment. Zebrafish are a shoaling species by nature but this book also takes into account their individual needs by providing: - practical advice from experienced zebrafish caretakers; - bridges between data acquisition and fish welfare; and - the latest guidance for reporting, reproducibility and compliance. This book is written for zebrafish facility personnel and for researchers who are aware of the need for robust care for their zebrafish model. It also provides an unparalleled insight for ethics committee members with the intention to provide the best care possible for this ever-important fish.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Animal Welfare in a Changing World
        Medicine
        September 2018

        Animal Welfare in a Changing World

        by Edited by Andrew Butterworth

        Contemporary and challenging, this thought-provoking book outlines a number of the key dilemmas in animal welfare for today's, and tomorrow's, world. The issues discussed range from the welfare of hunted animals, to debates around intensive farming versus sustainability, and the effects of climate and environmental change. The book explores the effects of fences on wild animals and human impacts on carrion animals; the impacts of tourism on animal welfare; philosophical questions about speciesism; and the quality and quantity of animal lives. The welfare impacts of human-animal interactions are explored, including human impacts on marine mammals, fish, wildlife, and companion and farm animals. Animal Welfare in a Changing World provides: Concise, opinion-based views on important issues in animal welfare by world experts and key opinion leaders. Pieces based on experience, which balance evidence-based approaches and the welfare impacts of direct engagement through training, campaigning and education. A wide-ranging collection of examples and descriptions of animal welfare topics which outline dilemmas in the real world, that are sometimes challenging, and not always comfortable reading. This is a 'must-read' book for animal and veterinary scientists, ethologists, policy and opinion leaders, NGOs, conservation biologists and anyone who feels passionately about the welfare of animals

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      • Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety
        Agriculture & farming
        November 2022

        Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety

        by N.G. Ravichandra

        The major objective of this book is to provide recent developments and updated comprehensive information on various aspects of Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. This book fulfils the need for a comprehensive book on the fundamental and advanced aspects of Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. The book explicates essential aspects related to Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety and is conveniently divided into sixteen unique chapters, covering all the updated information and latest developments. The chapters covered include Introduction ; Invasive Alien Species ; Biowarfare, Bioterrorism and Bioethics; Early Warning and Forecasting System ; Emerging Resurgence of Pests and Diseases ; National Regulatory Mechanism and International Agreements Conventions; International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ; Pest Risk Analysis, Risk Management Models and Pest Information System ; Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System for Plant Biosecurity ; Pest, Disease and Epidemic Management ; Agroterrorism and Biosecurity ; Mitigation Planning and Integrated Approach for Biosecurity ; Biosafety, History, Policies and Regulatory Mechanism ; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Its Implications ; Issues related to the Genetically Modified Crops ; Operational Biosafety Practices and Procedures. In addition, Glossary of terms is also furnished to present a list of frequently terms used in Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. The contents of this book, reflecting an extensive literature search, will be useful particularly for the students, teaching & research faculty and extension personnel in Agricultural and Horticultural Universities, the State Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Sericulture & Fisheries, Plant Protection Organizations, Plant Quarantine Units, Administrators & Policy makers and all those who are interested and concerned with plant biosecurity and biosafety.

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      • The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity
        Warfare & defence
        June 2009

        The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity

        Summary of an International Meeting

        by Katherine Bowman, Jo L. Husbands, and Ben Rusek, Rapporteurs; Committee on International Outreach Activities on Biosecurity; Development, Security, and Cooperation; Board on International Scientific Organizations; Policy and Global Affairs; National Research Council

        The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity, held in Budapest, Hungary on March 30 - April 2, 2008, represents the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations, over the last five years, to engage the international community of life scientists in addressing how to reduce the risk that the results of their work could be used for hostile purposes by terrorists and states. The participants who gathered in Budapest were already engaged in this challenging task, and, therefore, the focus of the meeting was on what had been accomplished and what challenges remained. There was no attempt to achieve consensus, since there exist real and important differences among those involved concerning the appropriate policies and actions to be undertaken. But there was a serious effort to identify a range of potential next steps, and also an effort to identify opportunities where international scientific organizations could make substantive contributions and offer their advice and expertise to policy discussions. The Forum's presentations, discussions, and results are summarized in this book.

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      • Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories
        Defence strategy, planning & research
        April 2012

        Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories

        Summary of a Workshop

        by Alison K. Hottes, Benjamin Rusek, and Fran Sharples, Rapporteurs; Committee on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories; Committee on International Security and Arms Control; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council

        During July 10-13, 2011, 68 participants from 32 countries gathered in Istanbul, Turkey for a workshop organized by the United States National Research Council on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-containment Biological Laboratories. The United States Department of State's Biosecurity Engagement Program sponsored the workshop, which was held in partnership with the Turkish Academy of Sciences. The international workshop examined biosafety and biosecurity issues related to the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of high-containment biological laboratories- equivalent to United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biological safety level 3 or 4 labs. Although these laboratories are needed to characterize highly dangerous human and animal pathogens, assist in disease surveillance, and produce vaccines, they are complex systems with inherent risks. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories summarizes the workshop discussion, which included the following topics: Technological options to meet diagnostic, research, and other goals; Laboratory construction and commissioning; Operational maintenance to provide sustainable capabilities, safety, and security; and Measures for encouraging a culture of responsible conduct. Workshop attendees described the history and current challenges they face in their individual laboratories. Speakers recounted steps they were taking to improve safety and security, from running training programs to implementing a variety of personnel reliability measures. Many also spoke about physical security, access controls, and monitoring pathogen inventories. Workshop participants also identified tensions in the field and suggested possible areas for action.

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      • Understanding Biosecurity
        Science funding & policy
        June 2012

        Understanding Biosecurity

        Protecting Against the Misuse of Science in Today's World

        by Division of Earth and Life Sciences; National Research Council

        Drawing on the work of the National Academies, this booklet introduces some of the issues at the intersection of science and security. The life sciences offer tremendous promise for meeting many 21st century challenges. But with opportunities come responsibilities. An important aspect of scientists' responsibility to society is captured in the concept of biosecurity-- the challenge to move the life sciences forward for legitimate purposes while reducing the risks that some materials, knowledge, tools, and technologies could also be used to do harm. This booklet was developed to serve as an educational resource for students and the scientific community, to illuminate the importance of biosecurity, and to explore how scientists, organizations, and governments at many levels can work together to minimize the threat.

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      • Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences
        Biotechnology
        July 2006

        Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

        by Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats, National Research Council

        Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways--leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Tourism, Recreation and Biological Invasions
        December 2022

        Tourism, Recreation and Biological Invasions

        by Aníbal Pauchard, Agustina Barros, Lisa Rew, Ross T Shackleton, Jose Cristobal Pizarro Pinochet

        The first section of the book includes information about how tourism-related infrastructure and activities promote biological invasions, including key pathways for non-native invasive species introductions. This section provides case studies of different organisms that are known to be introduced and/or promoted by tourism in different ecosystems or regions. The second section elaborates on known and potential impacts of invasive species on tourism and recreation, including how they may affect, positively or negatively, the economic revenue from tourism, tourist access, recreation, aesthetic values and tourists' perceptions. The last section focuses on management and policy, covering aspects of how visitors perceive invasive species and their willingness to manage them, biosecurity measures to prevent invasion related to tourism, as well as potential policy options moving forward. The book draws on a number of examples across multiple taxa, landscapes and regions of the world.

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      • Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza
        Diseases & disorders
        April 2013

        Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza

        Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop

        by Karin Matchett, Anne-Marie Mazza, and Steven Kendall, Rapporteurs; Committee on Science, Technology, and Law; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Forum on Microbial Threats; Board on Global Health; National Research Council; Institute of Medicine

        When, in late 2011, it became public knowledge that two research groups had submitted for publication manuscripts that reported on their work on mammalian transmissibility of a lethal H5N1 avian influenza strain, the information caused an international debate about the appropriateness and communication of the researchers' work, the risks associated with the work, partial or complete censorship of scientific publications, and dual-use research of concern in general. Recognizing that the H5N1 research is only the most recent scientific activity subject to widespread attention due to safety and security concerns, on May 1, 2012, the National Research Council's Committee on Science, Technology and Law, in conjunction with the Board on Life Sciences and the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats, convened a one-day public workshop for the purposes of 1) discussing the H5N1 controversy; 2) considering responses by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which had funded this research, the World Health Organization, the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), scientific publishers, and members of the international research community; and 3) providing a forum wherein the concerns and interests of the broader community of stakeholders, including policy makers, biosafety and biosecurity experts, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and the general public might be articulated. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Enquiry, Communication, Controversy summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.

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      • Gain-of-Function Research
        Medicine
        July 2016

        Gain-of-Function Research

        Summary of the Second Symposium, March 10-11, 2016

        by Piers Millett, Jo Husbands, Frances Sharples, and Audrey Thevenon, Rapporteurs; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Health and Medicine Division; Committee on Science, Technology, and Law; Policy and Global Affairs; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

        On March 10-11, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public symposium on potential U.S. government policies for the oversight of gain-of- function (GOF) research. This was the Academies’ second meeting held at the request of the U.S. government to provide a mechanism to engage the life sciences community and the broader public and solicit feedback on optimal approaches to ensure effective federal oversight of GOF research as part of a broader U.S. government deliberative process. The first symposium, held in December 2014, examined the underlying scientific and technical questions surrounding the potential risks and benefits of GOF research involving pathogens with pandemic potential. The second symposium focused on discussion of the draft recommendations regarding GOF research of a Working Group of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity. This report summarizes the key issues and ideas identified during the second symposium.

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