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      • Jabs, Jenner & Juggernauts
        Medicine: general issues

        Jabs, Jenner & Juggernauts

        A Look at Vaccination

        by Jennifer Craig

        There are many books about vaccination; some are quick reads for parents, and others are academic reviews of medical literature. This book is about what Jennifer Craig discovered from her readings. It is a personal account and a personal journey. It is not a scientific book -- Jennifer has written enough academic articles in her time -- but it is based on good science, verifiable statistics, accurate analysis and cogent synthesis.

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      • Practical Stress Analysis With Finite Elements
        Structural engineering

        Practical Stress Analysis With Finite Elements

        by

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      • Materials Research Agenda for the Automobile and Aircraft Industries
        Materials science
        February 1993

        Materials Research Agenda for the Automobile and Aircraft Industries

        by Committee on Materials for the 21st Century, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

        This volume presents a materials research agenda for the commercial aircraft and automobile industries for the next two decades. Two case studies are used as a basis for discussion: the 50-mile-per-gallon, 5-passenger sedan and the high-speed civil transport. Also identified are those general materials drivers and the materials research required for each field.

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      • Status and Applications of Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials
        Materials science
        February 1990

        Status and Applications of Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials

        An Emerging Technology

        by Committee on Superhard Materials, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

        Recent discoveries enabling the growth of crystalline diamond by chemical vapor deposition offer the potential for a wide variety of new applications. This new book examines the state of the technology arising from these discoveries in relation to other allied materials, such as high-pressure diamond and cubic boron nitride. Most of the potential defense, space, and commercial applications are related to diamond's hardness, but some utilize its other qualities, such as optical and electronic properties. The authors review growth processes and discuss techniques for characterizing the resulting materials' properties. Crystalline diamond is emphasized, but other diamond-like materials (e.g. silicon carbide and amorphous carbon containing hydrogen) are also examined. In addition, the authors identify scientific, technical, and economic problems that could impede the rapid exploitation of these materials, and present recommendations covering broad areas of research and development.

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      • Improving Engineering Design
        Materials science
        February 1991

        Improving Engineering Design

        Designing for Competitive Advantage

        by Committee on Engineering Design Theory and Methodology, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

        Effective design and manufacturing, both of which are necessary to produce high-quality products, are closely related. However, effective design is a prerequisite for effective manufacturing. This new book explores the status of engineering design practice, education, and research in the United States and recommends ways to improve design to increase U.S. industry's competitiveness in world markets.

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      • Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s
        Materials science
        February 1989

        Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s

        Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials

        by Committee on Materials Science and Engineering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

        Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.

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      • Material Science
        Materials science
        January 2016

        Material Science

        by Olaf Jacobs

        It is very important for mechanical and industrial engineers to keep up with the latest developments in the field of material science. Technical innovation often depends on new materials, and a careful selection of materials can reduce cost and improve quality. structure of materials material characteristics material testing material groupings material selection The subject is clearly presented and is accompanied by a wealth of illustrations, providing an ideal learning tool. Learning goals are defined to enhance the educational process. Exercises are provided to allow readers to check their progress and prepare for exams.

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      • Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering
        Materials science
        February 2011

        Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering

        by Committee on Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

        The field of corrosion science and engineering is on the threshold of important advances. Advances in lifetime prediction and technological solutions, as enabled by the convergence of experimental and computational length and timescales and powerful new modeling techniques, are allowing the development of rigorous, mechanistically based models from observations and physical laws. Despite considerable progress in the integration of materials by design into engineering development of products, corrosion considerations are typically missing from such constructs. Similarly, condition monitoring and remaining life prediction (prognosis) do not at present incorporate corrosion factors. Great opportunities exist to use the framework of these materials design and engineering tools to stimulate corrosion research and development to achieve quantitative life prediction, to incorporate state-of-the-art sensing approaches into experimentation and materials architectures, and to introduce environmental degradation factors into these capabilities. Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering identifies grand challenges for the corrosion research community, highlights research opportunities in corrosion science and engineering, and posits a national strategy for corrosion research. It is a logical and necessary complement to the recently published book, Assessment of Corrosion Education, which emphasized that technical education must be supported by academic, industrial, and government research. Although the present report focuses on the government role, this emphasis does not diminish the role of industry or academia.

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      • Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems
        Materials science
        July 2011

        Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems

        by Committee on Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems; National Materials and Manufacturing Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

        The ongoing development of military aerospace platforms requires continuous technology advances in order to provide the nation's war fighters with the desired advantage. Significant advances in the performance and efficiency of jet and rocket propulsion systems are strongly dependent on the development of lighter more durable high-temperature materials. Materials development has been significantly reduced in the United States since the early 1990s, when the Department of Defense (DOD), the military services, and industry had very active materials development activities to underpin the development of new propulsion systems. This resulted in significant improvements in all engine characteristics and established the United States in global propulsion technology. Many of the significant advances in aircraft and rocket propulsion have been enabled by improved materials and, materials manufacturing processes. To improve efficiency further, engine weight must be reduced while preserving thrust. Materials Needs and Research and Development Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems examines whether current and planned U.S. efforts are sufficient to meet U.S. military needs while keeping the U.S. on the leading edge of propulsion technology. This report considers mechanisms for the timely insertion of materials in propulsion systems and how these mechanisms might be improved, and describes the general elements of research and development strategies to develop materials for future military aerospace propulsion systems. The conclusions and recommendations asserted in this report will enhance the efficiency, level of effort, and impact of DOD materials development activities.

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      • Assessment of Corrosion Education
        Materials science
        March 2009

        Assessment of Corrosion Education

        by Committee on Assessing Corrosion Education; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

        The threat from the degradation of materials in the engineered products that drive our economy, keep our citizenry healthy, and keep us safe from terrorism and belligerent threats has been well documented over the years. And yet little effort appears to have been made to apply the nation's engineering community to developing a better understanding of corrosion and the mitigation of its effects. The engineering workforce must have a solid understanding of the physical and chemical bases of corrosion, as well as an understanding of the engineering issues surrounding corrosion and corrosion abatement. Nonetheless, corrosion engineering is not a required course in the curriculum of most bachelor degree programs in MSE and related engineering fields, and in many programs, the subject is not even available. As a result, most bachelor-level graduates of materials- and design-related programs have an inadequate background in corrosion engineering principles and practices. To combat this problem, the book makes a number of short- and long-term recommendations to industry and government agencies, educational institutions, and communities to increase education and awareness, and ultimately give the incoming workforce the knowledge they need.

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      • Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe
        Materials science
        December 2009

        Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe

        by Committee on the Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

        Ductile iron pipe (DIP) was introduced about 50 years ago as a more economical and better-performing product for water transmission and distribution. As with iron or steel pipes, DIP is subject to corrosion, the rate of which depends on the environment in which the pipe is placed. Corrosion mitigation protocols are employed to slow the corrosion process to an acceptable rate for the application. When to use corrosion mitigation systems, and which system, depends on the corrosivity of the soils in which the pipeline is buried. The Bureau of Reclamation's specification for DIP in highly corrosive soil has been contested by some as an overly stringent requirement, necessitating the pipe to be modified from its as-manufactured state and thereby adding unnecessary cost to a pipeline system. This book evaluates the specifications in question and presents findings and recommendations. Specifically, the authoring committee answers the following questions: Does polyethylene encasement with cathodic protection work on ductile iron pipe installed in highly corrosive soils? Will polyethylene encasement and cathodic protection reliably provide a minimum service life of 50 years? What possible alternative corrosion mitigation methods for DIP would provide a service life of 50 years?

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      • Frontiers of Engineering
        Materials science
        March 1999

        Frontiers of Engineering

        Reports on Leading Edge Engineering From the 1998 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering

        by National Academy of Engineering

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      • Future R&D Environments
        Materials science
        April 2002

        Future R&D Environments

        A Report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology

        by Committee on Future Environments for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Research Council

        In September 2000, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee to study the trends and forces in science and technology (S&T), industrial management, the economy, and society that are likely to affect research and development as well as the introduction of technological innovations over the next 5 to 10 years. NIST believed that such a study would provide useful supporting information as it planned future programs to achieve its goals of strengthening the U.S. economy and improving the quality of life for U.S. citizens by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards.

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      • Globalization of Materials R&D
        Materials science
        November 2005

        Globalization of Materials R&D

        Time for a National Strategy

        by Committee on Globalization of Materials Research and Development, National Research Council

        Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) R&D is spreading globally at an accelerating rate. As a result, the relative U.S. position in a number of MSE subfields is in a state of flux. To understand better this trend and its implications for the U.S. economy and national security, the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the NRC to assess the status and impacts of the global spread of MSE R&D. This report presents a discussion of drivers affecting U.S. companies’ decisions about location of MSE R&D, an analysis of impacts on the U.S. economy and national security, and recommendations to ensure continued U.S. access to critical MSE R&D.

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      • Proceedings of a Workshop on Materials State Awareness
        Materials science
        July 2008

        Proceedings of a Workshop on Materials State Awareness

        by Emily Ann Meyer, Editor, National Research Council

        In order to ensure effective military operations and continued warfighter safety, the functionality and integrity of the equipment used must also be ensured. For the past several years, the Nondestructive Evaluation Branch at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has focused actively on the development of embedded sensing technologies for the real-time monitoring of damage states in aircraft, turbine engines, and aerospace structures. These sensing technologies must be developed for use in environments ranging from the normal to the extreme, confronting researchers with the need to understand issues involving reliability, wireless telemetry, and signal processing methods. Additionally, there is a need to develop science and technology that will address the sensing of a material state at the microstructure level, precursor damage at the dislocation level, and fatigue-crack size population. To address these issues, the National Research Council convened a workshop at which speakers gave their personal perspectives on technological approaches to understanding materials state and described potential challenges and advances in technology. This book consists primarily of extended abstracts of the workshop speakers' presentations, conveying the nature and scope of the material presented.

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      • Computer Integration Engineering Design and Production
        Materials science
        February 1984

        Computer Integration Engineering Design and Production

        A National Opportunity

        by Committee on the CAD/CAM Interface, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

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      • Research Opportunities for Materials with Ultrafine Microstructures
        Materials science
        February 1989

        Research Opportunities for Materials with Ultrafine Microstructures

        by Committee on Materials with Submicron-Sized Microstructures, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

        Materials with nanoscale structure (i.e. a structure of less than 100 nanometers in size) represent a new and exciting field of research. These materials can be produced in many ways, possess a number of unique properties compared with coarser-scaled structures, and have several possible applications with significant technological importance. Based on a state-of-the-art survey of research findings and commercial prospects, this new book concludes that much work remains to be done in characterizing these structures and their exceptional properties, and presents recommendations for the specific research and development activities needed to fill these gaps in our understanding.

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      • Liquid Crystalline Polymers
        Materials science
        February 1990

        Liquid Crystalline Polymers

        by Committee on Liquid Crystalline Polymers, National Materials Advisory Board

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      • Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging and Interconnection
        Materials science
        February 1990

        Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging and Interconnection

        by Committee on Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

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