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The Arts

January 2025

Refashioning the Renaissance

Everyday dress in Europe, 1500–1650

by Paula Hohti

How did ordinary men and women dress in early modern Europe? What fabrics and garments formed the essential elements of fashion for artisans and shopkeepers? Did they rely on affordable alternatives to the silks, jewellery, and decorations favoured by the wealthy elite? Or did those with modest means find innovative ways to express their fashion sense? This book provides new perspectives on early modern clothing and fashion history byinvestigating the consumption and meaning of fashionable clothing and accessories among the 'popular' classes. Through a close examination of the materials, craftsmanship and cultural significance of fashion items owned by and available to a broad group of consumers, it challenges conventional assumptions that the everyday dress of ordinary families was limited to a narrow selection of garments made of coarse textiles, often produced at home and resistant to change.

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Medicine: general issues

Jabs, Jenner & Juggernauts

A Look at Vaccination

by Jennifer Craig

There are many books about vaccination; some are quick reads for parents, and others are academic reviews of medical literature. This book is about what Jennifer Craig discovered from her readings. It is a personal account and a personal journey. It is not a scientific book -- Jennifer has written enough academic articles in her time -- but it is based on good science, verifiable statistics, accurate analysis and cogent synthesis.

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Structural engineering

Practical Stress Analysis With Finite Elements

by

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Materials science

February 1989

Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s

Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials

by Committee on Materials Science and Engineering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.

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Materials science

February 1990

Status and Applications of Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials

An Emerging Technology

by Committee on Superhard Materials, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Recent discoveries enabling the growth of crystalline diamond by chemical vapor deposition offer the potential for a wide variety of new applications. This new book examines the state of the technology arising from these discoveries in relation to other allied materials, such as high-pressure diamond and cubic boron nitride. Most of the potential defense, space, and commercial applications are related to diamond's hardness, but some utilize its other qualities, such as optical and electronic properties. The authors review growth processes and discuss techniques for characterizing the resulting materials' properties. Crystalline diamond is emphasized, but other diamond-like materials (e.g. silicon carbide and amorphous carbon containing hydrogen) are also examined. In addition, the authors identify scientific, technical, and economic problems that could impede the rapid exploitation of these materials, and present recommendations covering broad areas of research and development.

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Materials science

February 1991

Improving Engineering Design

Designing for Competitive Advantage

by Committee on Engineering Design Theory and Methodology, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Effective design and manufacturing, both of which are necessary to produce high-quality products, are closely related. However, effective design is a prerequisite for effective manufacturing. This new book explores the status of engineering design practice, education, and research in the United States and recommends ways to improve design to increase U.S. industry's competitiveness in world markets.

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Materials science

February 1993

Materials Research Agenda for the Automobile and Aircraft Industries

by Committee on Materials for the 21st Century, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

This volume presents a materials research agenda for the commercial aircraft and automobile industries for the next two decades. Two case studies are used as a basis for discussion: the 50-mile-per-gallon, 5-passenger sedan and the high-speed civil transport. Also identified are those general materials drivers and the materials research required for each field.

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Materials science

March 2009

Assessment of Corrosion Education

by Committee on Assessing Corrosion Education; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

The threat from the degradation of materials in the engineered products that drive our economy, keep our citizenry healthy, and keep us safe from terrorism and belligerent threats has been well documented over the years. And yet little effort appears to have been made to apply the nation's engineering community to developing a better understanding of corrosion and the mitigation of its effects. The engineering workforce must have a solid understanding of the physical and chemical bases of corrosion, as well as an understanding of the engineering issues surrounding corrosion and corrosion abatement. Nonetheless, corrosion engineering is not a required course in the curriculum of most bachelor degree programs in MSE and related engineering fields, and in many programs, the subject is not even available. As a result, most bachelor-level graduates of materials- and design-related programs have an inadequate background in corrosion engineering principles and practices. To combat this problem, the book makes a number of short- and long-term recommendations to industry and government agencies, educational institutions, and communities to increase education and awareness, and ultimately give the incoming workforce the knowledge they need.

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Materials science

December 2009

Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe

by Committee on the Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

Ductile iron pipe (DIP) was introduced about 50 years ago as a more economical and better-performing product for water transmission and distribution. As with iron or steel pipes, DIP is subject to corrosion, the rate of which depends on the environment in which the pipe is placed. Corrosion mitigation protocols are employed to slow the corrosion process to an acceptable rate for the application. When to use corrosion mitigation systems, and which system, depends on the corrosivity of the soils in which the pipeline is buried. The Bureau of Reclamation's specification for DIP in highly corrosive soil has been contested by some as an overly stringent requirement, necessitating the pipe to be modified from its as-manufactured state and thereby adding unnecessary cost to a pipeline system. This book evaluates the specifications in question and presents findings and recommendations. Specifically, the authoring committee answers the following questions: Does polyethylene encasement with cathodic protection work on ductile iron pipe installed in highly corrosive soils? Will polyethylene encasement and cathodic protection reliably provide a minimum service life of 50 years? What possible alternative corrosion mitigation methods for DIP would provide a service life of 50 years?

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Materials science

February 2011

Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering

by Committee on Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

The field of corrosion science and engineering is on the threshold of important advances. Advances in lifetime prediction and technological solutions, as enabled by the convergence of experimental and computational length and timescales and powerful new modeling techniques, are allowing the development of rigorous, mechanistically based models from observations and physical laws. Despite considerable progress in the integration of materials by design into engineering development of products, corrosion considerations are typically missing from such constructs. Similarly, condition monitoring and remaining life prediction (prognosis) do not at present incorporate corrosion factors. Great opportunities exist to use the framework of these materials design and engineering tools to stimulate corrosion research and development to achieve quantitative life prediction, to incorporate state-of-the-art sensing approaches into experimentation and materials architectures, and to introduce environmental degradation factors into these capabilities. Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering identifies grand challenges for the corrosion research community, highlights research opportunities in corrosion science and engineering, and posits a national strategy for corrosion research. It is a logical and necessary complement to the recently published book, Assessment of Corrosion Education, which emphasized that technical education must be supported by academic, industrial, and government research. Although the present report focuses on the government role, this emphasis does not diminish the role of industry or academia.

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Materials science

March 1999

Frontiers of Engineering

Reports on Leading Edge Engineering From the 1998 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering

by National Academy of Engineering

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Materials science

April 2002

Future R&D Environments

A Report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology

by Committee on Future Environments for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Research Council

In September 2000, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee to study the trends and forces in science and technology (S&T), industrial management, the economy, and society that are likely to affect research and development as well as the introduction of technological innovations over the next 5 to 10 years. NIST believed that such a study would provide useful supporting information as it planned future programs to achieve its goals of strengthening the U.S. economy and improving the quality of life for U.S. citizens by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards.

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Materials science

February 1984

Computer Integration Engineering Design and Production

A National Opportunity

by Committee on the CAD/CAM Interface, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

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Materials science

February 1989

Research Opportunities for Materials with Ultrafine Microstructures

by Committee on Materials with Submicron-Sized Microstructures, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Materials with nanoscale structure (i.e. a structure of less than 100 nanometers in size) represent a new and exciting field of research. These materials can be produced in many ways, possess a number of unique properties compared with coarser-scaled structures, and have several possible applications with significant technological importance. Based on a state-of-the-art survey of research findings and commercial prospects, this new book concludes that much work remains to be done in characterizing these structures and their exceptional properties, and presents recommendations for the specific research and development activities needed to fill these gaps in our understanding.

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Materials science

February 1990

Liquid Crystalline Polymers

by Committee on Liquid Crystalline Polymers, National Materials Advisory Board

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Materials science

February 1990

Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging and Interconnection

by Committee on Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

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Materials science

February 1992

Beam Technologies for Integrated Processing

by Committee on Beam Technologies: Opportunities in Attaining Fully Integrated Processing Systems, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Beam technologies play an important role in microelectronic component fabrication and offer opportunities for application in other manufacturing schemes. Emerging beam technologies that incorporate potential for sensors, control, and information processing have created new opportunities for integrated processing of materials and components. This volume identifies various beam technologies and their applications in electronics and other potential manufacturing processes. Recommendations for research and development to enhance the understanding, capabilities, and applications of beam technologies are presented.

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Materials science

February 1993

Mathematical Research in Materials Science

Opportunities and Perspectives

by Committee on Mathematical Sciences Applied to Materials Science, National Research Council

This book describes fruitful past collaborations between the mathematical and materials sciences and indicates future challenges. It seeks both to encourage mathematical sciences research that will complement vital research in materials science and to raise awareness of the value of quantitative methods. The volume encourages both communities to increase cross-disciplinary collaborations, emphasizing that each has much to gain from such an increase, and it presents recommendations for facilitating such work. This book is written for both mathematical and materials science researchers interested in advancing research at this interface; for federal and state agency representatives interested in encouraging such collaborations; and for anyone wanting information on how such cross-disciplinary, collaborative efforts can be accomplished successfully.

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Materials science

April 1997

Nonconventional Concrete Technologies

Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure

by Committee on Nonconventional Concrete Technologies for Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure identifies research and development opportunities in innovative, nonconventional materials and processes that have the potential to accelerate the construction process, improve the durability of highway pavement and bridges, and enhance the serviceability and longevity of new construction under adverse conditions.

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Materials science

November 2005

Globalization of Materials R&D

Time for a National Strategy

by Committee on Globalization of Materials Research and Development, National Research Council

Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) R&D is spreading globally at an accelerating rate. As a result, the relative U.S. position in a number of MSE subfields is in a state of flux. To understand better this trend and its implications for the U.S. economy and national security, the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the NRC to assess the status and impacts of the global spread of MSE R&D. This report presents a discussion of drivers affecting U.S. companiesâ€™ decisions about location of MSE R&D, an analysis of impacts on the U.S. economy and national security, and recommendations to ensure continued U.S. access to critical MSE R&D.

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Everyday dress in Europe, 1500–1650

by Paula Hohti

A Look at Vaccination

by Jennifer Craig

by

Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials

by Committee on Materials Science and Engineering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

An Emerging Technology

by Committee on Superhard Materials, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Designing for Competitive Advantage

by Committee on Engineering Design Theory and Methodology, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

by Committee on Materials for the 21st Century, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

by Committee on Assessing Corrosion Education; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

by Committee on the Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

by Committee on Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering; National Materials Advisory Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council

Reports on Leading Edge Engineering From the 1998 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering

by National Academy of Engineering

A Report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology

by Committee on Future Environments for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Research Council

A National Opportunity

by Committee on the CAD/CAM Interface, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

by Committee on Materials with Submicron-Sized Microstructures, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

by Committee on Liquid Crystalline Polymers, National Materials Advisory Board

by Committee on Materials for High-Density Electronic Packaging, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

by Committee on Beam Technologies: Opportunities in Attaining Fully Integrated Processing Systems, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Opportunities and Perspectives

by Committee on Mathematical Sciences Applied to Materials Science, National Research Council

Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure

by Committee on Nonconventional Concrete Technologies for Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

Time for a National Strategy

by Committee on Globalization of Materials Research and Development, National Research Council

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