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      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine
        October 2024

        Eradicating deafness?

        Genetics, pathology, and diversity in twentieth-century America

        by Marion Andrea Schmidt

        Is deafness a disability to be prevented or the uniting trait of a cultural community to be preserved? Combining the history of eugenics and genetics with deaf and disability history, this book traces how American heredity researchers moved from trying to eradicate deafness to embracing it as a valuable cultural diversity. It looks at how deafness came to be seen as a hereditary phenomenon at all, how eugenics became part of progressive reform at schools for the deaf, and how, from the 1950s on, more sociocultural approaches to disability and minority led to new cooperative projects between professionals and local signing deaf communities. Analysing the transformative effects of exchange between researchers and objects of research, this book offers new insight to changing ideas about medical ethics, reproductive rights, the meaning of scientific progress and cultural diversity.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine
        September 2018

        Animal Welfare in a Changing World

        by Edited by Andrew Butterworth

        Contemporary and challenging, this thought-provoking book outlines a number of the key dilemmas in animal welfare for today's, and tomorrow's, world. The issues discussed range from the welfare of hunted animals, to debates around intensive farming versus sustainability, and the effects of climate and environmental change. The book explores the effects of fences on wild animals and human impacts on carrion animals; the impacts of tourism on animal welfare; philosophical questions about speciesism; and the quality and quantity of animal lives. The welfare impacts of human-animal interactions are explored, including human impacts on marine mammals, fish, wildlife, and companion and farm animals. Animal Welfare in a Changing World provides: Concise, opinion-based views on important issues in animal welfare by world experts and key opinion leaders. Pieces based on experience, which balance evidence-based approaches and the welfare impacts of direct engagement through training, campaigning and education. A wide-ranging collection of examples and descriptions of animal welfare topics which outline dilemmas in the real world, that are sometimes challenging, and not always comfortable reading. This is a 'must-read' book for animal and veterinary scientists, ethologists, policy and opinion leaders, NGOs, conservation biologists and anyone who feels passionately about the welfare of animals

      • Modern & contemporary fiction (post c 1945)
        October 2020

        Faceless

        by Katerina Malakate

        During a fight with his mother, 23 year old Dionysis shoots himself. Half his face is damaged. Without a nose, mouth, cheeks, he has trouble eating and speaking, and he survives in the shadow of his parents. For a long time he lives on social media, until a doctor proposes a treatment: face transplant. Can a stranger’s face give you back your life?   A unique novel that talks about bioethics, love, family, and relationships in the digital age.

      • Agriculture & farming
        November 2022

        Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety

        by N.G. Ravichandra

        The major objective of this book is to provide recent developments and updated comprehensive information on various aspects of Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. This book fulfils the need for a comprehensive book on the fundamental and advanced aspects of Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. The book explicates essential aspects related to Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety and is conveniently divided into sixteen unique chapters, covering all the updated information and latest developments. The chapters covered include Introduction ; Invasive Alien Species ; Biowarfare, Bioterrorism and Bioethics; Early Warning and Forecasting System ; Emerging Resurgence of Pests and Diseases ; National Regulatory Mechanism and International Agreements Conventions; International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ; Pest Risk Analysis, Risk Management Models and Pest Information System ; Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System for Plant Biosecurity ; Pest, Disease and Epidemic Management ; Agroterrorism and Biosecurity ; Mitigation Planning and Integrated Approach for Biosecurity ; Biosafety, History, Policies and Regulatory Mechanism ; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Its Implications ; Issues related to the Genetically Modified Crops ; Operational Biosafety Practices and Procedures. In addition, Glossary of terms is also furnished to present a list of frequently terms used in Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety. The contents of this book, reflecting an extensive literature search, will be useful particularly for the students, teaching & research faculty and extension personnel in Agricultural and Horticultural Universities, the State Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Sericulture & Fisheries, Plant Protection Organizations, Plant Quarantine Units, Administrators & Policy makers and all those who are interested and concerned with plant biosecurity and biosafety.

      • May 2019

        Ética animal

        Fundamentos empíricos, teóricos y dimensión práctica

        by Aguilera Dreyse, Bernardo ; Lecaros Urzúa, Juan Alberto ; Valdés Meza, Erick

        Humanity has benefited throughout history from the use of animals in many different ways. Since the middle of the last century, and especially in the last ten years, there has been growing concern about whether we have been and still are abusing them. This book aims to provide a broad overview of all the ethical and philosophical questions that have appeared since then, mainly in the academic world, but also from the social and political movements around animal ethics. It analyses issues such as the possible cognitive capacities of the different species and their degree of sophistication.

      • Humanities & Social Sciences

        South-South Epistemologies: from the sea that separates us to the bridges that unite us

        Do mar que nos separa às pontes que nos unem

        by Alex Villas Boas, Anor Sganzerla, Iziquel Radvanskei, Sérgio Luis do Nascimento

        In this book, in addition to the epistemological and anthropological chapters, texts that problematize coloniality and decoloniality are included. These conceptions dynamize the approach of world critical thinking from the place of reflection of authors from the African and Latin American continents. The topics discuss the role that epistemic racism played in the reproduction of privileges in the social structure of contemporary thought. Thus, epistemological presuppositions worked here indicate a vision of the world and of being human. Those who appreciate a good read will identify new horizons and the breaking of boundaries of Afrocentricity and epistemological ancestry of diasporic thought in the four axes (Philosophy, Bioethics,Theology and Human Rights).

      • August 2020

        Natural Law Ethics in Theory and Practic

        A Joseph Boyle Reader

        by Joseph Boyle, John Liptay, Christopher Tolfesen

        Natural Law Ethics in Theory and Practice brings together a selection of essays of the late Joseph Boyle. Boyle was, with Germain Grisez and John Finnis, a founder and developer of the New Classical Natural Law Theory, arguably the most important development in Catholic moral philosophy of the twentieth century. While this theory is indebted to the work of St. Thomas Aquinas, it incorporates an understanding and assessment of that work that is different from that found in other statements of natural law. Boyle made crucial contributions to a wide variety of aspects of this theory, and the volume is divided into two parts.Part One: Articulating a Theory of Natural Law contains three sections in which Boyle defends the reality of free choice and the view that the basic reasons for action, or first principles of natural law, are incommensurable in goodness. Boyle identifies the basic moral standard for choice and action, and develops an account of human action that elucidates the important role played by intention and double effect in their moral evaluation.The essays in Part Two: Natural Law Theory and Contemporary Moral Problems demonstrate the strength and scope of Boyle’s natural law account, as he brings it to bear upon just war theory, property and welfare rights, and issues in bioethics. The essays in bioethics address the difficult question of whether it is appropriate to tube-feed patients in persistent vegetative state, and include an unpublished essay, “Against Assisted Death,” which he delivered as the Anscombe Lecture at The Anscombe Bioethics Centre in Oxford about a year before he died.This volume also includes a Foreword by Princeton’s Robert P. George; an Introduction by the editors that highlights Boyle’s contribution to the development of the new classical natural law theory; and a bibliography of Boyle’s publications.

      • Public health & preventive medicine
        February 1995

        Society's Choices

        Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine

        by Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby, and Harvey V. Fineberg, Editors; Committee on the Social and Ethical Impacts of Developments in Biomedicine, Institute of Medicine

        Breakthroughs in biomedicine often lead to new life-giving treatments but may also raise troubling, even life-and-death, quandaries. Society's Choices discusses ways for people to handle today's bioethics issues in the context of America's unique history and culture--and from the perspectives of various interest groups. The book explores how Americans have grappled with specific aspects of bioethics through commission deliberations, programs by organizations, and other mechanisms and identifies criteria for evaluating the outcomes of these efforts. The committee offers recommendations on the role of government and professional societies, the function of commissions and institutional review boards, and bioethics in health professional education and research. The volume includes a series of 12 superb background papers on public moral discourse, mechanisms for handling social and ethical dilemmas, and other specific areas of controversy by well-known experts Ronald Bayer, Martin Benjamin, Dan W. Brock, Baruch A. Brody, H. Alta Charo, Lawrence Gostin, Bradford H. Gray, Kathi E. Hanna, Elizabeth Heitman, Thomas Nagel, Steven Shapin, and Charles M. Swezey.

      • November 2016

        Bioética: el pluralismo de la fundamentación

        by Ferrer Negrón, Jorge José ; Lecaros Urzúa, Juan Alberto ; Molins Mota, Róderic ; Valdés, Erick

        The foundation of bioethics has to do with the rational or reasonable justification of our moral choices. H. T. Engelhardt wrote more than two decades ago that "bioethics" is a plural noun and therefore so are the foundations.

      • Humanities & Social Sciences

        Ética aplicada

        Desde la medicina hasta el humor

        by Mauricio Correa Casanova y Adela Cortina

        Resulta indesmentible que hoy la realidad social exige a la filosofía moral comprometerse con la vida cotidiana. La ética aplicada configura una forma nueva de saber, de reflexionar sobre los problemas morales y de proponer recomendaciones para la acción. Empresas, servicios públicos, colegios profesionales o entidades sin fines de lucro, entre muchos otros, han incorporado los nuevos modos éticos de saber y hacer, y universidades de todo el mundo abordan este tema a través de cátedras, programas y centros de investigación. Este libro reúne una serie de trabajos sobre distintos ámbitos de la ética aplicada, como la ecología, la biomedicina, la empresa o la economía, que el lector común seguramente ya reconoce. Otros, en cambio, se presentan aquí con toda su novedad para situarnos ante desafíos inéditos en campos como la neuroética, el deporte, la ciudad y el humor. El principal objetivo es ofrecer a jóvenes y adultos, alumnos o profesores, funcionarios públicos o del mundo privado, perspectivas éticas en los más diversos ámbitos de la sociedad que contribuyan a encarnar la moralidad en la vida diaria, que es sin duda el real sentido de la ética aplicada. "La tarea de la razón práctica no consiste solo en enunciar lo que se debe hacer, sino también en tomar carne en las instituciones, transformándolas desde dentro. De ahí que la ética aplicada sea un elemento ineludible de cualquier diseño institucional que desee funcionar con bien, incluso lo es de cualquier proyecto de investigación que quiera recibir el visto bueno". Pag 16.

      • Biology, life sciences
        December 2010

        Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

        by Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences; National Research Council

        The Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences workshop was held to engage the life sciences community on the particular security issues related to research with dual use potential. More than 60 participants from almost 30 countries took part and included practicing life scientists, bioethics and biosecurity practitioners, and experts in the design of educational programs. The workshop sought to identify a baseline about (1) the extent to which dual use issues are currently being included in postsecondary education (undergraduate and postgraduate) in the life sciences; (2) in what contexts that education is occurring (e.g., in formal coursework, informal settings, as stand-alone subjects or part of more general training, and in what fields); and (3) what online educational materials addressing research in the life sciences with dual use potential already exist.

      • Political science & theory
        December 2020

        Artificial Life After Frankenstein

        by Eileen Hunt Botting

        Artificial Life After Frankenstein brings the insights born of Mary Shelley's legacy to bear upon the ethics and politics of making artificial life and intelligence in the twenty-first century.What are the obligations of humanity to the artificial creatures we make? And what are the corresponding rights of those creatures, whether they are learning machines or genetically modified organisms? In seeking ways to respond to these questions, so vital for our age of genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, we would do well to turn to the capacious mind and imaginative genius of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851). Shelley's novels Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) and The Last Man (1826) precipitated a modern political strain of science fiction concerned with the ethical dilemmas that arise when we make artificial life--and make life artificial--through science, technology, and other forms of cultural change.In Artificial Life After Frankenstein, Eileen Hunt Botting puts Shelley and several classics of modern political science fiction into dialogue with contemporary political science and philosophy, in order to challenge some of the apocalyptic fears at the fore of twenty-first-century political thought on AI and genetic engineering. Focusing on the prevailing myths that artificial forms of life will end the world, destroy nature, and extinguish love, Botting shows how Shelley modeled ways to break down and transform the meanings of apocalypse, nature, and love in the face of widespread and deep-seated fear about the power of technology and artifice to undermine the possibility of humanity, community, and life itself.Through their explorations of these themes, Mary Shelley and authors of modern political science fiction from H. G. Wells to Nnedi Okorafor have paved the way for a techno-political philosophy of living with the artifice of humanity in all of its complexity. In Artificial Life After Frankenstein, Botting brings the insights born of Shelley's legacy to bear upon the ethics and politics of making artificial life and intelligence in the twenty-first century.

      • Education

        Ethics in the Science and Technology Classroom

        A New Approach to Teaching and Learning

        by Jones, A.

        This edited book on ethics represents the outcomes of an international collaborative project that examined the role and place of bioethics in science and technology curricula. As science and technology advance, ethical issues increasingly are brought to the fore not only both for scientists and technologists but also for the general public. Science and technology education also reflects this shift and thinking and teaching about ethics in the school curriculum has increased. A greater emphasis is being placed on society’s general scientific and technological literacy and this includes an understanding of socio-scientific issues including ethical decision-making. Although this book has a focus on ethics in the school science and technology curriculum, we believe it will also prove useful for those thinking about ethical decision making in a range of contexts outside of the school sector. The book will prove useful for University lecturers, teachers, curriculum developers and policy makers and those that are involved in science and technology decision making more broadly.

      • October 2022

        The Nature of Political Philosophy

        And Other Studies and Commentaries

        by James V. Schall, William McCormick, Jose Maria J. Yulo

        In his final collection of essays, Father Schall explores the life of faith across a dazzling array of subjects, from Martin Luther to bioethics. With his characteristic patience, brilliance, and careful tenacity, Father Schall interrogates profoundly what it means to try to be a citizen of the Kingdom of God in the city of Man. Never shying away from controversy, across 14 articles and 4 book reviews Father Schall investigates the critical themes of his life and scholarship: reason and revelation; the nature of modernity; literature and salvation; metaphysics and politics; and much more. Whether the reader is new to Father Schall or a longtime student, this posthumously-published collection of essays offers a profound meditation on the nature of political philosophy, and particularly what it would mean for Catholicism to offer a political philosophy. From such fundamental considerations, Schall explores ethical, literary and legal themes, displaying his typical breadth and depth of engagement with all that is real. Ultimately, Father Schall leads one on a Socratic enterprise, an education whereby one comes to question for oneself basic assumptions, and to dig deeper into the first principles as they are recalled in the orders of knowledge and being. While Father Schall has passed on to his reward, this collection of essays helps ensure that his lessons continue to guide, challenge and enrich students for generations to come.

      • Medicine
        October 2013

        The CTSA Program at NIH

        Opportunities for Advancing Clinical and Translational Research

        by Alan I. Leshner, Sharon F. Terry, Andrea M. Schultz, and Catharyn T. Liverman, Editors; Committee to Review the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Institute of Medicine

        In 2006 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program, recognizing the need for a new impetus to encourage clinical and translational research. At the time it was very difficult to translate basic and clinical research into clinical and community practice; making it difficult for individual patients and communities to receive its benefits. Since its creation the CTSA Program has expanded, with 61 sites spread across the nation's academic health centers and other institutions, hoping to provide catalysts and test beds for policies and practices that can benefit clinical and translation research organizations throughout the country. The NIH contracted with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2012 to conduct a study to assess and provide recommendations on appropriateness of the CTSA Program's mission and strategic goals and whether changes were needed. The study was also address the implementation of the program by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) while exploring the CTSA's contributions in the acceleration of the development of new therapeutics. A 13-member committee was established to head this task; the committee had collective expertise in community outreach and engagement, public health and health policy, bioethics, education and training, pharmaceutical research and development, program evaluation, clinical and biomedical research, and child health research. The CTSA Program at NIH: Opportunities for Advancing Clinical and Translational Research is the result of investigations into previous program evaluations and assessments, open-session meetings and conference class, and the review of scientific literature. Overall, the committee believes that the CTSA Program is significant to the advancement of clinical and translational research through its contributions. The Program would benefit from a variety of revisions, however, to make it more efficient and effective.

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