Your Search Results(showing 3222)

    • Trusted Partner
      Literature & Literary Studies
      January 2013

      The Papal Reform of the Eleventh Century

      Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII

      by I. Robinson

      The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048-54) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of both popes, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation against the hostility generated by his reforming methods and his conflict with King Henry IV. Also included is a translation of Book to a Friend, written by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri soon after the death of Gregory VII, as well as an extract from the violently anti-Gregorian polemic of Bishop Benzo of Alba (1085) and the short biography of Leo IX composed in the papal curia in the 1090s by Bishop Bruno of Segni. These fascinating narrative sources bear witness to the startling impact of the papal reform and of the 'Investiture Contest', the conflict of empire and papacy that was one of its consequences. An essential collection of translated texts for students of medieval history.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      September 2019

      Reformation without end

      by Jason Peacey, Robert Ingram

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      January 2020

      Lollards in the English Reformation

      by Susan Royal, Anthony Milton

    • Trusted Partner
    • Trusted Partner
      Literature & Literary Studies
      May 2024

      Medieval afterlives

      Transforming traditions in Shakespeare and early English drama

      by Daisy Black, Katharine Goodland

      A collection of essays which show how early drama traditions were transformed, recycled, re-used and reformed across time to form new relationships with their audiences. Medieval afterlives brings new insight to the ways in which peoples in the sixteenth century understood, manipulated and responded to the history of their performance spaces, stage technologies, characterisation and popular dramatic tropes. In doing so, this volume advocates for a new understanding of sixteenth-seventeenth century theatre makers as highly aware of the medieval traditions that formed their performance practices, and audiences who recognised and appreciated the recycling of these practices between plays.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      July 2002

      The Swiss Reformation

      The Swiss Reformation

      by Bruce Gordon, Mark Greengrass

      The Swiss Reformation was a seminal event of the sixteenth century which created a Protestant culture whose influence spread across Europe from Transylvania to Scotland. Offers the first comprehensive study of the Swiss Reformation and argues that the movement must be understood in terms of the historical evolution of the Swiss Confederation, its unique and fluid structures, the legacy of the mercenary trade, the distinctive character of Swiss theology, the powerful influence of Renaissance humanism, and, most decisively, the roles played by the dominant figures, Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger. Marked by astounding creative energy, incendiary preaching, burning political passions, peasant revolts, and breath-taking scholarship, as well as by painful divisions, civil war, executions and dashed hopes, the story of the Swiss Reformation is told with extensive use of primary sources. Explores the narrative of events before turning to consider themes such as the radical opposition, church and community, daily life in the Confederation, cultural achievements and the Swiss place in the wider European Reformation world. ;

    • Trusted Partner
      European history
      January 2003

      Religion and superstition in Reformation Europe

      by Edited by Christopher Durston and Judith Maltby

      What, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was 'superstition'? Where might it be found, and how might it be countered? How was the term used, and how effective a weapon was it in the assault on traditional religion?. The ease with which accusations of 'superstition' slipped into the language of Reformation debate has ensured that one of the most fought over terms in the history of early modern popular culture, especially religious culture, is also one of the most difficult to define. Offers a novel approach to the issue, based upon national and regional studies, and examinations of attitudes to prophets, ghosts, saints and demonology, alongside an analysis of Catholic responses to the Reformation and the apparent presence of 'superstition' in the reformed churches. Challenges the assumptions that Catholic piety was innately superstitious, while Protestantism was rational, and suggests that the early modern concept of 'superstition' needs more careful treatment by historians. Demands that the terminology and presuppositions of historical discourse on the Reformation be altered to remove lingering sectarian polemic.

    • Trusted Partner
      September 2016

      Geschichte der Reformation in Deutschland

      by Thomas Kaufmann

      Die traditionelle, protestantisch geprägte Geschichtsauffassung sah in der »Tat Luthers« eine Befreiung von den »dunklen Mächten« der Papstkirche und ein »Ende des Mittelalters«. Doch weder war das Spätmittelalter »finster« noch Luther eine Lichtgestalt. Sein kirchlicher Reformimpuls steht im Kontext vielfältiger Umbrüche, die um 1500 im politischen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Leben einsetzten. Dass die Reformation viele Menschen mitriss und zuletzt in ein eigenes Kirchenwesen mündete, war nur möglich, weil verschiedene Akteure (Landesfürsten, städtische Magistrate, Bürger und Bauern) etwas mit ihr »anfangen« konnten. Dabei spielten auch die neuen Massenmedien der Zeit (Flugschriften, Predigten) eine große Rolle. Das zuerst 2009 im Verlag der Weltreligionen unter dem Titel Geschichte der Reformation erschienene Buch wurde für die Neuausgabe durchgesehen, aktualisiert und um einen Epilog erweitert, der unter anderem auf die Geschichte der Reformationsjubiläen zurück- und auf das Lutherjahr 2017 vorausblickt.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      January 2020

      Ideas of monarchical reform

      Fénelon, Jacobitism, and the political works of the Chevalier Ramsay

      by Joseph Bergin, Andrew Mansfield, Penny Roberts, William G. Naphy

      This book examines the political works of Andrew Michael Ramsay (1683-1743) within the context of early eighteenth-century British and French political thought. In the first monograph on Ramsay in English for over sixty years, the author uses Ramsay to engage in a broader evaluation of the political theory in the two countries and the exchange between them. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Britain and France were on divergent political paths. Yet in the first three decades of that century, the growing impetus of mixed government in Britain influenced the political theory of its long-standing enemy. Shaped by experiences and ideologies of the seventeenth century, thinkers in both states exhibited a desire to produce great change by integrating past wisdom with modern knowledge.

    • Trusted Partner
      Literature & Literary Studies
      January 2025

      People and piety

      Protestant devotional identities in early modern England

      by Elizabeth Clarke, Robert W. Daniel

      This international and interdisciplinary volume investigates Protestant devotional identities in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. Divided into two sections, the book examines the 'sites' where these identities were forged - the academy, printing house, household, theatre and prison - and the 'types' of texts that expressed them - spiritual autobiographies, religious poetry and writings tied to the ars moriendi - providing a broad analysis of social, material and literary forms of devotion during England's Long Reformation. Through archival and cutting-edge research, a detailed picture of 'lived religion' emerges, which re-evaluates the pietistic acts and attitudes of well-known and recently discovered figures. To those studying and teaching religion and identity in early modern England, and anyone interested in the history of religious self-expression, these chapters offer a rich and rewarding read.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      February 2023

      Eternal light and earthly concerns

      Belief and the shaping of medieval society

      by Paul Fouracre

      In early Christianity it was established that every church should have a light burning on the altar at all times. In this unique study, Eternal light and earthly concerns, looks at the material and social consequences of maintaining these 'eternal' lights. It investigates how the cost of lighting was met across western Europe throughout the whole of the Middle Ages, revealing the social organisation that was built up around maintaining the lights in the belief that burning them reduced the time spent in Purgatory. When that belief collapsed in the Reformation the eternal lights were summarily extinguished. The history of the lights thus offers not only a new account of change in medieval Europe, but also a sustained examination of the relationship between materiality and belief.

    • Trusted Partner
      Biography & True Stories
      August 2018

      Tao Shu: Biography of a Chinese Reformer

      by Tao Yongshu

      Tao Shu, a pioneer of humanistic pragmatism and westernization in the latter Qing Dynasty, is a representative of modern talents in Hunan. The book is mainly a biography focusing on academic research and commentary. The book presents the lengendary figure Tao Shu from various perspectives in a true way. It is divided into five chapters: the 1st chapter introduces the education and family background of Tao Shu, the 2nd to 4th chapter clarify Tao Shu as a politician, a reformer, and an educator, and the last chapter shows the achievements in terms of philosophy, historiography, genealogy, textogy, and literature including poem writing.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      July 2018

      Security sector reform in transforming societies

      Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro

      by Timothy Edmunds

      This book is about the relationship between societies and their security forces at times of great political and societal change. It uses the experiences of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro to examine the control, management and reform of armed forces, police and intelligence agencies in the aftermath of conflict and authoritarianism. The book assesses the theory and practice of security sector reform programmes in the context of Europe and the Western Balkans, the relationship between security sector reform and normative international policy more generally, and the broader dynamics of post-conflict and post-authoritarian transformation. In so doing it addresses two underlying questions. First, how and in what ways does reform in the security sector interrelate with processes of domestic political and societal transformation, particularly democratisation. Second, how and in what ways do these processes relate and respond to internationally-driven efforts to promote a particular type of security sector reform as a component of wider peacebuilding and democracy promotion strategies.

    • Trusted Partner
      Teaching, Language & Reference
      October 2018

      Rwanda’s Land Tenure Reform

      Non-existent to Best Practice

      by Thierry Hoza Ngoga

      Rwanda's Land Tenure Reform: Non-existent to Best Practice provides a detailed account of how Rwanda managed to systematically demarcate and register all land, comprising over 10 million parcels within five years. This book: - Provides a detailed account of how Rwanda built a land administration system which is now internationally viewed as a model of success for implementing a complex land reform programme in the developing world. - Considers the ways in which land tenure reform has contributed to the country's development beyond the land sector. - Discusses how Rwanda's example can be followed by other countries wishing to embark on similar programmes of designing and implementing a nationwide land tenure regularisation programme. - Provides key strategic orientation to achieve a sustainable land administration programme. Offering a comprehensive narrative of the land tenure reform programme from inception to implementation, this book will be important reading for policy makers, land administration professionals, academics and development partners working in land administration and land tenure programmes in developing countries. Thierry Hoza Ngoga is a land development professional with special focus on land administration, land tenure and land use planning. He worked on Rwanda's land tenure regularisation reform programme for over 12 years in various capacities, most recently as Head of Land Technical Operations overseeing land use planning, land surveying and the land administration information system. He is currently working on land development issues focusing on building institutional and policy development in several African countries.

    • Trusted Partner
      Humanities & Social Sciences
      January 2020

      Reform and the papacy in the eleventh century

      Spirituality and social change

      by S. H. Rigby, Kathleen G. Cushing

      This book explores the relationship between the papacy and reform against the backdrop of social and religious change in later tenth and eleventh-century Europe. Placing this relationship in the context of the debate about 'transformation', it reverses the recent trend among historians to emphasise the reform developments in the localities at the expense of those being undertaken in Rome. It focuses on how the papacy took an increasingly active part in shaping the direction of both its own reform and that of society, whose reform became an essential part of realising its objective of a free and independent Church. It also addresses the role of the Latin Church in western Europe around the year 1000, the historiography of reform, the significance of the 'Peace of God' as a reformist movement, the development of the papacy in the eleventh century, the changing attitudes towards simony, clerical marriage and lay investiture, reformist rhetoric aimed at the clergy, and how reformist writings sought to change the behaviour and expectations of the aristocracy. Summarising current literature while presenting a cogent and nuanced argument about the complex nature and development of reform, this book will be invaluable for an undergraduate and specialist audience alike.

    • Trusted Partner
      Agriculture & related industries
      March 1995

      Agribusiness Reforms in China

      The Case of Wool

      by John W Longworth, Colin G Brown

      China is emerging as an agribusiness giant. Domestic reforms and the readmission of China to GATT will integrate rapidly the massive Chinese agribusiness sector into international markets. China has already become a dominant player in world wool markets. Developments in relation to wool, therefore, are a harbinger of what is likely to happen in regard to many other agribusiness commodities. This book, published in collaboration with the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), provides a detailed analysis of how the Chinese are reforming their wool marketing system. Wool is grown mainly by people of minority nationalities who are among the poorest in China and who live in the environmentally fragile pastoral region. As a result, wool markets have an impact on social, environmental and developmental issues as well as being of major relevance to China’s strategic and trade interests. This book, therefore, is concerned with many of the most difficult issues confronting Chinese society and its interaction with the world community. By examining these aspects of contemporary China through the case of wool, the authors provide first hand insights into the detailed impact of the economic reform process on particular social groups and institutions. Most of the earlier literature on economic reforms in China has concentrated on general economic reforms and sector-wide or industry-wide effects.

    • Trusted Partner
      Literature & Literary Studies
      August 2004

      The Papal Reform of the Eleventh Century

      Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII

      by Rosemary Horrox, Simon Maclean, I. Robinson

      The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048-54) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of both popes, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation against the hostility generated by his reforming methods and his conflict with King Henry IV. Also included is a translation of Book to a Friend, written by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri soon after the death of Gregory VII, as well as an extract from the violently anti-Gregorian polemic of Bishop Benzo of Alba (1085) and the short biography of Leo IX composed in the papal curia in the 1090s by Bishop Bruno of Segni. These fascinating narrative sources bear witness to the startling impact of the papal reform and of the 'Investiture Contest', the conflict of empire and papacy that was one of its consequences. An essential collection of translated texts for students of medieval history. ;

    • Trusted Partner
      Business, Economics & Law

      China’s Path of Reform in the Next Decade

      by Wu Jinglian, Zhou Xiaochuan, Lou Ji Wei, Liu Shijin

      This an anthology of essays previously published in the academic journal Comparison discussing China’s economic reform for the next decade. Several globally renowned economists and government officials, including Barry Naughton, Zhou Xiaochuan, Lou Jiwei, Liu Shijin, Cai Fang, Tian Guoqiang, penned a series of discourses on the most important and difficult issues lying ahead as China’s economic reform enters into the next ten years. Scholars and officials alike made suggestions on the economic reform policy systematically, with definite directions and strong feasibility.

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