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      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        May 2020

        Optical Manipulation of Pests and Beneficial Arthropods

        by David Ben-Yakir, Antoine Abrieux, Joanna C. Chiu, Joseph E. Funderbunk, Daphna Gottlieb, Gábor Horváth, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Un Taek Lim, Xavier Martini, Masami Shimoda, Robert van Tol

        Arthropod pests, pollinators, and natural enemies of pests have a great economic importance to human health and food supply worldwide. Arthropods use optical cues to find food and suitable oviposition sites, daily and seasonal activities, orientation and navigation. Most arthropods have compound eyes with receptors for UV light (peak sensitivity at 360 nm) and for green-yellow light (peak sensitivity at 520-540 nm). Many arthropods also have simple eyes (ocelli) that respond to changes in light intensity. Some arthropods can detect linearly polarized light and use it as an optical cue for oviposition sites, finding of hosts and navigation.The properties of the optical cue, such as wavelength, intensity, polarization, size, shape and contrast, greatly affect their response to the optical cue. Therefore, manipulation of optical cues can interfere or enhance arthropods' activities and development. UV light has been used to attract insects for monitoring and control. The patterns of UV reflected from flowers and plants affect arthropods' preference to visit them. The absence of UV light often deters arthropods and decreases their dispersal rate. UVB induces general stress in plants which may increase their resistance to arthropod pests. Green-yellow color induces landing and favors settling (arresting) of many plant feeding arthropods. High levels of reflected sunlight (above 25% of sun radiation) deters arthropods' landing and reduces settling. The recent use of monochromatic lights to increase crop yield, or to induce desirable plant characteristics, is expected to affect the activity of the associated arthropds as well. Optical manipulations are proposed as a part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for open-field and protected crops, and for protecting the health of humans and domestic animals. This book contains up-to-date reviews of the published literature, some unpublished results of the authors, and suggestions for future research and development of this method.

      • Trusted Partner
        Conservation of the environment
        October 2015

        Climate Change and Insect Pests

        by Edited by Christer Björkman, Pekka Niemelä.

        Insects, being poikilothermic, are among the organisms that are most likely to respond to changes in climate, particularly increased temperatures. Range expansions into new areas, further north and to higher elevations, are already well documented, as are physiological and phenological responses. It is anticipated that the damage by insects will increase as a consequence of climate change, i.e. increasing temperatures primarily. However, the evidence in support of this common “belief” is sparse. Climate Change and Insect Pests sums up present knowledge regarding both agricultural and forest insect pests and climate change in order to identify future research directions.

      • Trusted Partner
        Geography & the Environment
        October 2015

        Climate Change and Insect Pests

        by Christer Björkman, Pekka Niemelä, Björn C Rall, Riita Julkunen-Titto, John Terblanche, Juliana Jaramillo, Sanford D Eigenbrode, Kari Saikkonen, Kennet Raffa, Björn Ökland, Alain Roques, Tea Ammunét, Seppo Neuvonen, Andrea Battisti, Stig Larsson, Matthew P Hill, Linda J Thomson

        Insects, being poikilothermic, are among the organisms that are most likely to respond to changes in climate, particularly increased temperatures. Range expansions into new areas, further north and to higher elevations, are already well documented, as are physiological and phenological responses. It is anticipated that the damage to crops and forests by insects will increase as a consequence of climate change, i.e. increasing temperatures primarily. However, the evidence in support of this common "belief" is sparse. Climate Change and Insect Pests sums up present knowledge regarding both agricultural and forest insect pests and climate change in order to identify future research directions.

      • Trusted Partner
        Insecticide & herbicide technology
        August 1996

        Illustrations of Quarantine Pests for Europe

        by Edited by I M Smith, Anne S Roy

        This book is a companion volume to Quarantine Pests for Europe, published originally in 1992 by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and CAB INTERNATIONAL (CABI) for the European Union. The previous book provides information on identity, hosts, geographical distribution, biology, detection and identification, means of movement and dispersal, pest significance, phytosanitary measures and a bibliography for all the quarantine pests listed by EPPO and the European Union, but does not contain any illustrations. A second edition of Quarantine Pests for Europe will be published at the end of 1996. The present book contains approximately 400 colour illustrations, most of them new in relation to the very first illustrations of the EPPO Data Sheets which appeared in Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin in the 1980s. The book covers most of the quarantine pests listed by EPPO and the European Union, including those which have been added to the quarantine lists since 1992. Thus it will be compatible with the second edition of the volume of text data sheets. The quarantine pests concerned are either not present in the Euro-Mediterranean region, or only present to a limited extent and submitted to official control measures. The sequence of presentation is as for the text volume, i.e. insects, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, parasitic plants. Within each chapter, the pest illustrations appear in alphabetical order. An index including scientific names and synonyms is included at the end of the book. Accompanying text is presented in both English and French. Although it has not been possible to illustrate every listed quarantine pest, this book provides a unique collection that will help phytosanitary inspectors, plant health officers, and others working in the field of plant quarantine, or plant protection in general, to recognize and identify quarantine pests. The book is published by EPPO in association with CABI, and is available for sale exclusively through CABI.

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        March 2017

        Integrated Management of Insect Pests on Canola and Other Brassica Oilseed Crops

        by Gadi V P Reddy, Harit K Bal, Ronald E Batallas, Tulsi Bhardwaj, James D Blande, Dhana Raj Boina, G David Buntin, Randall Brandt, Hector Cárcamo, Surendra Dara, Tim J Dumonceaux, Robert H Elliott, Maya Evenden, Yaghoub Fathipour, Kevin D Floate, John Gavloski, Kristopher L Giles, Larry Grenkow, Parwinder S Grewal, Rebecca H Hallett, Matthew P. Hill, Vincent A Hervet, Sari J. Himanen, Heikki M.T. Hokkanen, Jarmo K Holopainen, Prashant Jha, Peter Mason, Janet J Knodel, Tao Li, Sarina Macfadyen, Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen, Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini, Christine Noronha, Chrystel Olivier, Francisco Rubén Badenes-Pérez, S. Jesu Rajan, Tom A Royer, Muhammad Sarwar, Barbara J Sharanowski, Govinda Shrestha, Juliana Soroka, Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Raj Kumar Thakur, Sally Vail, Leyun Wang, R W M. Udari M Wanigasekara, Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana, Tyler J Wist, Zi-Hua Zhao

        This book comprehensively reviews current pest management practices and explores novel integrated pest management strategies in Brassica oilseed crops. It is essential reading for pest management practitioners and researchers working on pest management in canola and other Brassica crops worldwide. Canola, mustard, camelina and crambe are the most important oilseed crops in the world. Canola is the second largest oilseed crop in the world providing 13% of the world's supply. Seeds of these species commonly contain 40% or more oil and produce meals with 35 to 40% protein. However, its production has declined significantly in recent years due to insect pest problems. The canola pest complexes are responsible for high insecticide applications on canola. Many growers rely on calendar-based spraying schedules for insecticide applications. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. (P. cruciferae and P. striolata)cause serious damage to canola. In the Northern Great Plains, USA, for instance, P. xylostella is now recorded everywhere that canola is grown. Severe damage to canola plants can be caused by overwintering populations of flea beetles feeding on newly emerged seedlings. Cabbage seed pod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus), swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii), and tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) are also severe pests on canola. Minor pests include aphids (cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae and turnip aphid, Hyadaphis erysimi) and grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. This book: · is the only single compiled source of information on integrated management of canola and other Brassica oilseed pests · presents the biology and management of all the major and minor pests of Brassica oilseed crops · is an essential source of information for applied entomologists, crop protection researchers, extension agents and stakeholders ; This book reviews current pest management practices and explores new biological and chemical control methods, and integrated pest management strategies in this important crop. It is essential reading for pest management practitioners and researchers working on pest management in canola crops worldwide. ; 1: Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and Their Management2: Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) Management3: The Challenge of Swede Midge Management in Canola4: Biology and Management of Sucking Insect Pests of Canola5: Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Management6: Biology, Ecology and Management of Pollen Beetle Brassicogethes viridescens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)7: Noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pests of Canola in North America8: Biology and Management of the Generalist Herbivore, the Bertha Armyworm, Mamestra Configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Canola in Western Canada9: Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Management of Insect Pests of Canola and Other Oilseed Crops10: The OKANOLA Project: Challenges in Managing Insect Pests of Canola in the Southern Plains11: Integrated Pest Management in Canola: How Far Have We Come and What Is Still Needed12: Canola Insect Pest Management in the South-eastern USA13: Integrated Management of Insect Pests of Rapeseed (Canola) in China14: Integrated Control of Insect Pests of Canola and Other Brassica Oilseed Crops in Pakistan15: Cover Crops as a Tool for Insect Pest Management on Oilseed Brassicas16: Detection and Symptomatology of Aster Yellows17: Pestiferous Insects of Mustard: Biology and Integrated Management18: Volatile Organic Compounds in Integrated Pest Management of Brassica Oilseed Crops19: Impact of Genetically Modified Herbicide-resistant Oilseed Rape on Non-target Organisms: Natural Enemies of Oilseed Rape Pests20: Insect-transmitted Viruses in Canola21: Present and Potential Impacts of Insects on Camelina and Crambe22: Integrated Pest Management and Pollination Services in Brassica Oilseed Crops23: Role of Glucosinolates in Resistance and Attraction to Insects: Applications in Trap Cropping and Pest Management in Brassica Oilseed Crops24: Arthropod Pests of Australian Canola During Crop Emergence: IPM and Future Directions25: Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Insect Pest Management of Brassica Oilseed Crops

      • Trusted Partner
        July 2023

        Urban Pest Management

        An Environmental Perspective

        by Partho Dhang

        The management and control of pests in the urban environment in the 21st Century faces many challenges. Pest populations adapt to changing conditions brought about by environmental changes caused by global warming, human population growth, and increased pollution. Urban pests are able to expand their ranges, densities, and habitats, sometimes causing large-scale damage and disease. This book provides collective insights from academic and industry experts on perspectives concerning urban pest management and regulatory innovations arising from the rapid onset of recent environmental challenges. Chapter topics address pest biology, advances in urban pest management practices, emerging urban pest control developments, new technologies, and regulations. The book describes new methods of pest control, their impacts on human health and the environment, and strategies for integrated management limiting the use of chemicals. It provides a practical resource for researchers and policy makers in pest management, urban health, medical entomology and environmental science. · An up-to-date and comprehensive resource on environmental urban pest management · Designed to appeal to pest control operators, public health professionals, and a range of field workers, as well as researching academics and graduate students · Brings both academic and industry experts together in one volume

      • Trusted Partner
        Technology, Engineering & Agriculture
        June 2017

        Aphids as Crop Pests

        by Helmut F van Emden, Richard Harrington

        Aphids are among the major global pest groups, causing serious economic damage to many food and commodity crops in most parts of the world. This revision and update of the well-received first edition published ten years ago reflects the expansion of research in genomics, endosymbionts and semiochemicals, as well as the shift from control of aphids with insecticides to a more integrated approach imposed by increasing resistance in the aphids and government restrictions on pesticides. The book remains a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on the biology of aphids, the various methods of controlling them and the progress of integrated pest management as illustrated by ten case histories. Helmut van Emden is Emeritus Professor of Horticulture at the University of Reading, UK. He has researched on aphids for over 50 years and has wide international experience, including in the tropics. Richard Harrington retired in 2015 as Head of the Rothamsted Insect Survey, with which he worked for 36 years on aphid monitoring and forecasting. He led the EU project "EXAMINE" (Exploitation of Aphid Monitoring In Europe) which brought together colleagues involved in aphid monitoring throughout Europe and beyond. ; A comprehensive reference on the biology and management of aphids occurring in crops, this new edition reflects the expansion of genomic research, semiochemicals and endosymbionts, and the shift away from purely chemical control towards more integrated methods. ; -: Preface to the First Edition -: Preface to the Second Edition 1: Taxonomic Issues 2: Aphid Genomics and its Contribution to Understanding Aphids as Crop Pests 3: Conventional Molecular Markers and Genomics Tools 4: Life Cycles and Polyphenism 5: Growth and Development 6: Nutrition and Symbiosis 7: Aphids and Stress 8: Chemical Ecology 9: Host-Plant Selection and Feeding 10: Aphid Movement: Process and Consequences 11: Predators, Parasitoids and Pathogens 12: Population Dynamics: Cycles and Patterns 13: Aphid Population Dynamics: From Fields to Landscapes 14: Feeding Injury 15: Transmission of Plant Viruses 16: Monitoring and Forecasting 17: Decision Support Systems 18: Chemical Control 19: Insecticide Resistance 20: Biological Control 21: Cultural Control 22: Host-Plant Resistance 23: Integrated Pest Management and Introduction to IPM Case Studies 24: IPM Case Studies: Grain 25: IPM Case Studies: Sorghum 26: IPM Case Studies: Leafy Salad Crops 27: IPM Case Studies: Brassicas 28: IPM Case Studies: Cucurbits 29: IPM Case Studies: Seed Potato 30: IPM Case Studies: Cotton 31: IPM Case Studies: Berry Crops 32: IPM Case Studies: Deciduous Fruit Tree Aphids 33: IPM Case Studies: Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Trees

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        November 2016

        Climate Change Impacts on Urban Pests

        by Partho Dhang

        This book is the first resource to review the influence of climate change on urban and public pests such as mosquitoes, flies, ticks, and wood pests, with respect to population, distribution, disease, damage and control. It systematically addresses how the impact of climate change on pests in urban areas differs from natural areas, focusing on the increased temperatures of urban locations, the effect of natural disasters, the manner of land use and the consequences of human habitation. Climate Change Impacts on Urban Pests: - covers key information on how climate change and urban pests affect human health - includes coverage of the impacts of natural disasters such as flooding looks at issues which could influence the management of pests - explores a range of international opinion from recognised authorities covering six continents. Presenting up-to-date knowledge, this book is an essential resource for researchers in urban pests, entomology and public health, as well as scientists, environmentalists and policy makers involved in studies on climate change. ; This book reviews the influence of climate change on urban and public pests such as mosquitoes, flies, termites, rodents and others, with respect to population, distribution, disease, damage and control. ; Chapter 1: Climate Change Effects on Urban Pest Insects Chapter 2: Climate Change and Urban Pest Management Chapter 3: Climate Change and the New Dynamics of Urban Pest Management in North America Chapter 4: Natural disasters, Extreme Events, And Vector-Borne Diseases: Impact on Urban System Chapter 5: Survival of Formosan Subterranean Termite Colonies during Periods of Flooding Chapter 6: Termites and a Changing Climate Chapter 7: Fly Populations and Problems in a Changing Climate Chapter 8: Impact of Climate Change on Medically Important Ticks in Europe and Their Control Chapter 9: Climate Change and its Effect on Urban Mosquitoes in South America Chapter 10: Urbanization, Climate Change and Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 11: Climate Change and Vector Borne Diseases in Urban Ecosystem in India Chapter 12: Climate Change and Urban Human Health Chapter 13: Innovative Formulations Useful for Area Wide Application Suitable for Climate Change

      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        March 2022

        Key Questions in Urban Pest Management

        A Study and Revision Guide

        by Partho Dhang, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, Daniel D Dye II

        Urban pests are common all over the world. These include cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, bed bugs, ticks, fleas, ants, termites, rodents and others. These pests thrive in human structures, where there is food, warmth and places to hide. Urban pests are one of the leading causes of illnesses in humans due to allergies, bites, food contamination and phobias. They can also cause significant damage to property and structures. Knowledge and training in this field is vital for professional and trainee pest managers. This book is specifically intended to provide an aid to such candidates. The book contains 500 multiple-choice questions (and answers) grouped into the following major topic areas: · The history of urban entomology · Household pests · Cockroaches · Flies · Mosquitoes · Bed bugs · Termites · Sporadic pests · Stored product pests · Vertebrate pests · Pesticides and pesticide formulations · Handling pesticides · Integrated Pest Control Produced in a convenient format that can be used at any time in any place, the book allows the reader to learn and revise the subject and much more. Its structure allows the study of one topic area at a time, progressing through a simple introduction followed by key revision questions, many of which require students to use their practical knowledge. The answers to each of the questions are provided at the end with short explanations wherever appropriate.

      • Trusted Partner
        September 2020

        Insect Pest Management

        by David R Dent, Richard H Binks

        This new, third edition has been thoroughly updated to include all the key principles, methodologies, approaches and practical examples of insect pest management in agriculture, horticulture, medical and veterinary entomology. The book covers monitoring and forecasting of pest outbreaks, yield loss and impact assessments and all of the latest methods involved in the control and management of insects. It includes coverage of host manipulation, plant resistance, biological control, use of interference, agronomic precision control methods and insecticides as well as socio-economic and research management aspects of developing integrated approaches to pest management. The new edition also reflects the key advances made in the disciplines of molecular biology, biochemistry and genomics related to insects and their management. It also considers the importance and role of biodiversity, climate change, precision agriculture, data management and sustainability of production and supply in delivering integrated management solutions. This important text continues to be essential reading for students, researchers and industry scientists involved in all aspects of insect pest management, applied entomology, crop protection and medical and veterinary entomology.

      • Trusted Partner
        December 2021

        Pest Management in Cotton

        A Global Perspective

        by Graham A. Matthews, Thomas A. Miller, Zeeshan Ahmed

        This book presents a global overview of the background to, and the current state of, crop protection and pest management in cotton crops. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been grown for centuries but maintaining high yields of good quality requires sophisticated approaches to pest management. The introduction and use of pesticides over the decades significantly increased cotton yields but lead to many adverse environmental impacts. Over time, new and alternative insecticides were developed but overuse has enabled pests to develop significant resistance. The development of genetically modified cotton varieties with toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis enabled much improved control of lepidopteran larvae, including bollworms, but as the toxins had no effect on sucking pests, farmers had no choice but to continue using insecticides. Also, some of the new cotton varieties developed in recent times have not adapted to different climatic conditions and the quality of cotton fibre declined as a result. This book shows the need for more research to select cotton varieties with high quality fibres suitable for different cotton growing areas and to develop integrated pest management strategies to minimise the use of pesticides. It also demonstrates the need for an inter-disciplinary approach bringing together plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, agronomists and agricultural engineers to achieve high yields of high quality cotton. In the future, farmers will need to adopt new technology to determine when and how pesticides are used in conjunction with cultural and biological control strategies. · Emphasises the importance of research on growing cotton in a world experiencing climate change · Demonstrates how crucial crop protection is in achieving high yields of high quality cotton · Shows how new technology will bring major changes in how cotton is grown in the future

      • Trusted Partner
        Pest control
        September 2014

        Urban Insect Pests

        Sustainable Management Strategies

        by Edited by Partho Dhang.

        A companion to 'Urban Pest Management', this book builds on the issues of insect pests in urban settings to discuss control strategies that look beyond products. From an environmental and health perspective, it is not always practical to spray chemicals indoors or in urban settings, so this work discusses sustainable control and best practice methods for managing insects that are vectors of disease, nuisance pests and the cause of structural damage.

      • Trusted Partner
        Technology, Engineering & Agriculture
        September 2019

        Urban Insect Pests

        Sustainable Management Strategies

        by Gregory J Baumann, Partho Dhang, Zia Siddiqi, Ed Vargo, Rajeev Vaidyanathan, Julian Entwestle, John Cooksey, Chow Yang Lee, Michael Rust, Changlu Wang, Frantisek Rettich, David Liszka, Eli Shaava

        A companion to 'Urban Pest Management', this book builds on the issues of insect pests in urban settings to discuss control strategies that look beyond products. From an environmental and health perspective, it is not always practical to spray chemicals indoors or in urban settings, so this work discusses sustainable control and best practice methods for managing insects that are vectors of disease, nuisance pests and the cause of structural damage.

      • Trusted Partner
        Botany & plant sciences
        June 2000

        Hemp Diseases and Pests

        Management and Biological Control

        by John M McPartland, Robert C Clarke, David P Watson

        Hemp is enjoying a worldwide resurgence. This unique book combines a review of the hemp pest and disease literature published over the past 50 years with up-to-date information on modern biological control techniques. Each pest and disease organism is presented in the same format, covering economic impact, geographical and host-plant range, plant symptoms, taxonomic description, life history, and differential diagnosis. Important cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical controls are highlighted with charts, illustrations and explicit instructions. Easy-to-use keys are included for rapid identification of the most common pests. Introductory chapters describe the general principles of plant protection, requirements for healthy plant growth, and taxonomy of parasites and pathogens.

      • Trusted Partner
        Agricultural science
        November 1997

        Thrips as Crop Pests

        by Edited by Trevor Lewis

        Thrips have recently surged to prominence as insect pests of field, plantation and glasshouse crops in many countries, associated with increased international trade in fresh vegetables, fruit, flowers and plant propagation material. They can cause direct feeding damage to the aerial parts of plants, resulting in yield loss and spoilage, and some are vectors of destructive plant viruses. Their minute size and secretive habits make them particularly difficult to detect and control. This book, containing contributions from several world authorities from Europe, the USA and Asia, is the most comprehensive treatise on thrips as crop pests ever to be published. It brings together a vast amount of modern work set against a wealth of background knowledge, covering basic biology, ecology, applied science and pest control. The result is a book indispensable for agricultural advisers and growers concerned with thrips pests, and a unique reference source and stimulus for research entomologists studying these intriguing insects.

      • Trusted Partner
        Agriculture & related industries
        December 1996

        Quarantine Pests for Europe

        by Mark Holderness, Edited by D G McNamara, I M Smith, Peter R Scott.

        Data sheets on quarantine pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. This book is the result of collaboration between EPPO and CAB INTERNATIONAL, sponsored by the Commission of the European Union, to prepare data sheets on pests of plants of quarantine significance for Europe and the Mediterranean region. Coverage extends to insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and parasitic plants. It includes organisms that are found outside Europe and the Mediterranean that present a risk to this region, as well as those that are present but have restricted distribution and are subject to phytosanitary controls. The format of the FAO model data sheet is followed, using standard headings: identity, hosts, geographical distribution, biology, detection and identification, means of movement and dispersal, pest significance (including economic impact, control and phytosanitary risk), phytosanitary measures, and bibliography. The first edition of this book was published in December 1992 and consisted of 188 data sheets, some covering groups of similar organisms. During the intervening four years pests have been added to the EU and EPPO lists and changes have occurred in host range, geographical distribution, taxonomy and pest status of many of the organisms described. All data sheets have therefore been revised, some data sheets covering groups of similar organisms have been split up and 56 new sheets added, resulting in a total of 300 data sheets. The second edition will continue therefore to represent a definitive reference source, not only for those with specific interests in plant quarantine, but also for all concerned with pest management.

      • Trusted Partner
        Insects (entomology)
        July 2007

        Aphids as Crop Pests

        by Edited by Dr Helmut F van Emden, Dr Richard Harrington

        Aphids represent one of the world's major insect pests, causing serious economic damage to a range of temperate and tropical crops. These range from grain crops and brassicas to potato, cotton, vegetable and fruit crops.This book provides a definitive reference volume on the biology of aphids, their pest status, and how to control them. It includes approximately 30 specially commissioned chapters from world experts, principally from Europe and North America. Topics covered range from host selection and feeding to movement and dispersal, and from insecticide resistance to chemical, cultural and biological control methods. There are also several case study chapters, on integrated pest management in specific crops.

      • Trusted Partner
        Pest control
        March 2002

        Molluscs as Crop Pests

        by Edited by Gary M Barker

        Mollusc species currently constitute a major threat to sustainable agriculture. This threat is associated with cultivation of new crops, intensification of agricultural production systems and the spread through human trade and travel of species adapted to these modified environments. In some crops their significance is only now becoming apparent with the decline in the importance of other pest groups which can be effectively controlled. The book focuses on: toxicology of chemicals; deployment of molluscicides in baits; specific crop situations worldwide; current pest status of mollusc species and progress towards development of solutions.

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