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      • Trusted Partner
        The environment
        July 2008

        Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms, Vol 4

        Challenges and Opportunities with Bt Cotton in Vietnam

        by Edited by David A. Andow, Angelika Hilbeck, Van Tuat Nguyen.

        Within Vietnam, the environmental risks of transgenic plants, managing transgenic products safely, and building modern labs to assess their safety has received increased investment and research. This book is the first scientific effort to synthesize information relevant to GM crops in Vietnam, taking Bt cotton as an example. It can be used as a technical manual to enable Vietnamese scientists to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of Bt cotton varieties prior to commercialization, and provides guidance for environmental risk assessment of any transgenic crop.

      • Trusted Partner
        Biotechnology
        October 2004

        Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms, Volume 1

        A Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya

        by Edited by Angelika Hilbeck, David A. Andow

        International forums have identified the need for comprehensive, transparent, scientific methods, for the pre-release testing and post-release monitoring of transgenic plants to ensure environmental safety. There is also wide recognition that the regulatory and scientific capacity for conducting these types of assessments needs to be strengthened.In response to these requirements, a GMO Guidelines Project was established - under the aegis of the International Organization for Biological Control - to develop biosafety testing guidelines for transgenic plants. This book is one of the first outputs from this project. The book aims, using the case study of Bt maize, to detail generic approaches to the evaluation of environmental impact of GM technologies. This book focuses on transgenic maize in Kenya. This maize includes genetic material derived from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which naturally produces proteins that are toxic to some insects. The book explores both the environmental and agricultural impacts of transgenic plants. It draws out general risk assessment guidelines, and demonstrates the need for case-by-case analysis. Although focused on Kenya and Bt Maize, the book's findings and recommendations are relevant and applicable to a multitude of nations and GM crops.

      • Trusted Partner
        Agricultural science
        November 2003

        Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins

        by Edited by Thomas Acamovic, Colin S Stewart, Tom W Pennycott

        This book presents refereed and edited papers from the 6th International Symposium on Poisonous Plants, held in Scotland in August 2001. It covers a range of topics from plant biochemistry to toxic effects in animals (particularly grazing farmed animals) and humans. The contents include the evolution of antinutrients and toxins in plants, biomedical applications of toxins in plants, isolation, identification and effects of plant and fungal toxins and the effect of plant toxins on aversion to plants in animal diets.

      • Trusted Partner
        Insecticide & herbicide technology
        June 2016

        The Handbook of Naturally Occurring Insecticidal Toxins

        by Opender Koul

        Naturally occurring toxins are among the most complicated and lethal in existence. Plant species, microorganisms and marine flora and fauna produce hundreds of toxic compounds for defence and to promote their chances of survival, and these can be isolated and appropriated for our own use. Many of these toxins have yet to be thoroughly described, despite being studied for years. Focusing on the natural toxins that are purely toxic to insects, this book contains over 500 chemical structures. It discusses the concepts and mechanisms involved in toxicity, bioassay procedures for evaluation, structure-activity relationships, and the potential for future commercialization of these compounds. A comprehensive review of the subject, this book forms an important source of information for researchers and students of crop protection, pest control, phytochemistry and those dealing in insect-plant interactions.

      • Trusted Partner
        January 2020

        Botulism, Third Edition

        by Donald Emmeluth, Ed.D.

        Botulism is a disease caused by a deadly toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium. The bacterium can thrive in food that has been improperly prepared or stored and can also enter the body through a tear in the skin. Botulism toxin causes paralysis and breathing difficulties and can be fatal if not treated quickly. Because of its potent toxicity, botulin toxin is considered a potential weapon for biological terrorism. It is also the basis for Botox®, a cosmetic drug. This revised edition of Botulism contains up-to-date information on this disease, exploring its history, causes, statistics, and recent diagnostic and treatment breakthroughs. It also includes accounts of numerous recent outbreaks, which have occurred annually for the past several years in the United States.Chapters include: Historical Perspective Causes of Botulism Transmission of Botulism Diagnosis of Botulism Botulism and the Nervous System Treating Botulism Preventing Botulism Concerns for the Future: Botulism and Bioterrorism Hopes for the Future.

      • Trusted Partner
        Medical toxicology
        May 2011

        Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins and Related Toxins

        by Kip Panter, A C.F Amaral, A P.M Figueiredo, R A Schultz, A G Armién, B T Green, L C.B Fernandes, F Guedes, M C.J.S Lima, L X Mesquita, R C Rocha-e-Silva, I Pacífico da Silva, F M Boabaid, C J Botha, A C.L Câmara, C R Dogo, D R Gardner, James Pfister, K Welch, F B Grecco, P B Pal, B L Stegelmeier, S T Lee, T Z Davis, M B Almeida. Edited by Franklin Riet-Correa, James Pfister, Ana Lucia Schild, Terrie L Wierenga.

        This comprehensive collection of up-to-the-minute research in the field of poisonous plants investigates the effects of toxins on animals and humans. It covers the effects of poisonous plants on the liver, the reproductive system, and the nervous system, as well as exploring the field of herbal medicine. In a specialised section devoted to control measures, the book highlights techniques such as vaccination and taste aversion, providing the reader with important information on safeguarding against disaster. This volume is an essential reference for veterinarians, researchers, toxicologists and chemists.

      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine

        Learning Guasha from Zero-basis: Image-based Analysis of Skin Scraping

        by Meng Xianwei

        The book selects Meng Xianwei’s more than 100 original images of guasha (skin scraping) collected for many years in clinic and analyzes the truth of diseases behind the images to teach one guasha step by step. It not only introduces guasha therapies for various chronic diseases and common diseases in detail, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and the pain of neck, shoulder, waist, legs, but also explains other scraping methods for health care like improving sub-health, eliminating toxin, beautifying skin and cultivating viscera. The methods of guasha are parsed step by step in the book, so one can treat illness or preserve health by following the procedure. Once mastering the skills that Dr. Meng imparts, one can do guasha with ease.

      • Trusted Partner
        Animal physiology
        June 1998

        Toxic Plants and Other Natural Toxicants

        by Edited by Tam Garland, Alberto C Barr

        Toxic plants and other natural toxicants have a variety of roles in the fields of human health, medical research and the production of safe food and also represent an economic problem in terms of animal health and crop production. Estimates of economic impact on livestock have ranged in the millions of dollars in countries such as Australia and the United States. This book brings together applied and fundamental research from botanists, chemists, biochemists, agricultural scientists, veterinarians and physicians and advice from regulatory bodies. It consists of more than 100 edited papers from the Fifth International Symposium on Poisonous Plants, held in Texas in May 1997. All aspects of poisonous plants, mycotoxicoses and herbal intoxications are covered. Their adverse effects are described, such as fatalities, reduced or failed reproduction, fetotoxicity, spontaneous abortions, deformities, reduced productivity and organ-specific toxicity. Methods of detection, isolation and identification of the chemical compounds responsible are included. The biochemistry of the plant-associated toxins and elucidation of their mechanism of action is investigated, including the protocols for management or eradication, immunization programs, behaviour modification, withholding periods for metabolic detoxification, regulatory advice concerning human usage of natural products and advice concerning toxin-residue in agricultural produce. The development of non-toxic strains of plants for use as fodder is also discussed. This book is essential reading for toxicologists concerned with animal and human health, food industry regulators and plant scientists.

      • Trusted Partner
        January 2018

        Pollution, Revised Edition

        Treating Environmental Toxins

        by Anne Maczulak, Ph.D.

        One of the most troubling aspects of pollution in this age is its pervasiveness—there are few places left where a person or an animal can live without being exposed to pollution. Toxic substances travel great distances through the air, and many of these substances eventually fall from the atmosphere onto growing crops and open waters. Meat and milk-producing animals ingest pollutants, produce growers spray large amounts of toxic pesticides onto food intended for people's dinner tables, and both animals and humans ingest small amounts of unhealthy compounds in water. Scientists now detect an array of toxic compounds—or compounds that harm the body—in the blood and tissue of almost every person from whom they collect a sample. Pollution, Revised Edition provides up-to-date research in the field of environmental medicine. Focusing on specific toxin categories as well as the health effects of various types of pollution, this full-color guide will come in handy for middle and high school students concerned with issues that affect our environment. Chapters include: The Emergence of Environmental Medicine Epidemiology of Environmental Diseases Environmental Toxins  Hazards in the Air Food and Water Hazards Populations at Risk Veterinary Environmental Medicine.

      • Trusted Partner
      • Trusted Partner
        Science & Mathematics
        March 2006

        International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products

        by Robert E Evenson, Robert E Evenson, Vittorio Santaniello, Vittorio Santaniello

        There are a number of controversial issues that surround agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified products. International trade and policies are at the forefront of these controversies. This book addresses these issues and has been developed from a meeting of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Revello, Italy, in July 2004. It covers five themes: analytical studies; empirical trade studies; spillover dimensions; intellectual property rights; and applied general equilibrium trade models. ; International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products has been developed from the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research. It covers five themes: analytical studies; empirical trade studies; spillover dimensions; intellectual property rights; and applied general equilibrium trade models. ; 1: Editors' Overview, R E Evenson and V SantanielloPart 1: Analytical Studies2: Biotechnology Risks and Project Interdependence, O K Knudsen, The World Bank, USA and P L Scandizzo, Facoltà de Economia Università, Italy3: Restricted Monopoly R & D Pricing: Uncertainty, Irreversibility and Non-Market Effect, R D Weaver, Pennsylvania State University, USA and J Wesseler, Wageningen University, The Netherlands4: Biotechnology and the Emergence of Club Behavior in Agricultural Trade, M Tothova and J F Oehmke, Michigan State University, USA5: The Labelling of Genetically Modified Products in a Global Trading Environment, S Scandizzo, Corporacion Andina de Fomento, VenezuelaPart 2: Empirical Trade Studies6: Tree Biotechnology: Regulation and International Trade, R A Sedjo, Resources for the Future, USA7: Commercialized Products of Biotechnology and Trade Pattern Effects, S Smyth, W A Kerr and K A Davey, University of Saskatchewan, CanadaPart 3: Spillover Dimensions8: The Coexistence of GM and non-GM Arable Crops in the EU: Economic and Market Considerations, G Brookes, Canterbury, UK9: Research Spillovers in Biotech Industry: The Case of Canola, R S Gray, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, S Malla, University of Lethbridge, Canada and K Tran, University of Saskatchewan, Canada10: Mergers, Acquisitions and Flows of Agbiotech Intellectual Property, D Schimmelpfennig and J King, USDA, Washington, USA11: The Impact of Regulation on the Development of New Products in the Food Industry, K Menrad, University of Applied Sciences of Weihenstephan and K Blind, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), GermanyPart 4: Intellectual Property Rights12: Patents Versus Plant Varietal Protection, D Eaton and F van Tongeren, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands13: Governing Innovative Science: Challenges Facing the Commercialization of Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals, S Smyth, G G Khachatourians and P W B Phillips, University of Saskatchewan, Canada14: Are GURTs Needed to Remedy Intellectual Property Failures and Environmental Problems with GM Crops? G Budd, Grains Research and Development Corporation, AustraliaPart 5: Applied General Equilibrium Trade Models15: Economic Effects of Producing or Banning G.M. Crops, J Flatau and P M Schmitz, University of Giessen, Germany16: Opposition to Genetically Modified Wheat and Global Food Security, F Haggui, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, P W B Phillips and R S Gray17: International Impacts of Bt Cotton Adoption, G B Frisvold, R Tronstad, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA and J M Reeves, Cotton Incorporated, USA

      • Trusted Partner
        Botany & plant sciences
        June 2007

        Poisonous Plants

        Global Research and Solutions

        by Edited by Kip Panter, Terrie L Wierenga, James Pfister

        Despite decades of research, poisonous plants continue to be responsible for large economic losses to livestock producers throughout the world. As the expansion into rural areas and the use of rangelands increases, an understanding of plant toxicology has become ever more important. This book represents the product of a wide-range of research aimed at solving the various issues surrounding poisonous plants. Broader themes include plant biochemistry, toxic effects in animals and humans, and rangeland management approaches to prevent poisoning amongst others. Individual chapters address plant animal relationships, various classes of secondary plant compounds, isolation, identification and effects of these toxins on biological mammalian systems and analytical methods, diagnostic tools and management strategies for plant toxicoses in animals and humans.

      • Trusted Partner
        Food manufacturing & related industries
        October 2011

        Natural Antimicrobials in Food Safety and Quality

        by Wolf-Rainer Abraham, Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos, Nicoletta Belletti, Patrick J Cullen, Isabel M P L V O Ferreira, Mendel Friedman, Antonio Gálvez, Pilar García Suárez, Gustavo Gonzàlez, Riadh Hammami, El Akrem Hayouni, Vijay K Juneja, Khaoula Khwaldia, Ching-Hsing Liao, Marta Mari, Faid Mohamed, Caterina Morcia, Victor O Oyetayo, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Claudia Ruiz-Capillas, Yuanxia Sun, Ljubisa Topisirovic. Edited by Mahendra Rai, Michael Chikindas.

        The demands of producing high quality, pathogen-free food rely increasingly on natural sources of antimicrobials to inhibit food spoilage organisms, foodborne pathogens and toxins. Discovery and development of new antimicrobials from natural sources for a wide range of applications requires that knowledge of traditional sources for food antimicrobials is combined with the latest technologies in identification, characterization and application. This book explores some novel, natural sources of antimicrobials as well as the latest developments in using well-known antimicrobials in food. Covering antimicrobials derived from microbial sources (bacteriophages, bacteria, algae, fungi), animal-derived products (milk proteins, chitosan, reduction of biogenic amines), plants and plant-products (essential oils, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds), this book includes the development and use of natural antimicrobials for processed and fresh food products. New and emerging technologies concerning antimicrobials are also discussed.

      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine
        October 2020

        Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

        by J P F D'Mello

        Introduction to Environmental Toxicology is designed as a concise text, introducing students to the fundamentals of this important subject. It covers the origin, characterization and environmental distribution of the major pollutants, and provides an explanation of their implications for human morbidity via the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary dysfunction and neurological conditions. Considering impacts on biodiversity, such as effects from acid rain, heavy metals and selected anthropogenic compounds, this book: - Covers biogenic contaminants, gases and particulates, organic pollutants, petroleum, heavy metals, complex polymers and radiation; - Considers the impact of pollutants across human health, biodiversity, water and food safety; - Includes questions, further reading and case studies to spark discussion in tutorials. Covering all the major biological toxins and pollutants, this book forms a true introduction to the subject for undergraduates studying environmental toxicology and related subjects.

      • Trusted Partner
        May 2025

        Livestock Immunity to Ticks

        by Johann Schröder

        As arthropod ectoparasites, ticks threaten the wellbeing of the animals whose habitat they share. They cause skin damage from their bite wounds, secrete toxins, transmit pathogens, and can also induce allergic reactions and infected wounds. For more than a century, domestic animals have undergone chemical tick treatment as part of their husbandry routine. However, this reliance on chemicals is non-sustainable, and ignores the existence of other possible avenues of tick management. Covering recent developments in the field, this book considers avenues such as: - Managing infestations through both natural tick control and human intervention - Innate tick resistance - Naturally acquired adaptive immunity - Technological developments and successes such as vaccination schemes The book also takes into consideration the barriers any one of these solutions may face on the road to commercialization. Livestock Immunity to Ticks provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for researchers and students of immunology, parasitology and entomology.

      • Trusted Partner
        January 2021

        Diphtheria, Second Edition

        by Patrick G. Guilfoile, Ph.D.

        Diphtheria is a bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which attacks the respiratory system. Although the earliest accounts of diphtheria date back at least 2,000 years, this disease was first associated with major epidemics in Europe during the 16th century. By the 18th century, diphtheria became a major cause of childhood illness and death in the New World. With the advent of widespread vaccination in the 1920s, the number of cases and deaths dropped dramatically. However, in areas where vaccination rates drop, diphtheria can rapidly become reestablished, as seen in the late 1990s in several former Soviet republics. Diphtheria, Second Edition describes the disease, the bacteria that causes it, and the development of effective treatments.Chapters include: History of Diphtheria How Does Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Cause  Disease? How Is Diphtheria Treated? How Is Diphtheria Prevented? Resurgence of Diphtheria in the Former Soviet Union, Yemen, Venezuela, and Bangladesh Uses of Diphtheria Toxin.

      • Trusted Partner
        Geography & the Environment
        August 2022

        Key Questions in Environmental Toxicology

        A Study and Revision Guide

        by J P F D'Mello

        Key Questions in Environmental Toxicology is designed as a self-study tool for undergraduate students. Questions review the origin, characterization and environmental distribution of major pollutants, followed by their absorption and metabolic disposition in living organisms. They address implications for the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary dysfunction and neurological conditions in relation to gaseous pollutants, particulates, persistent organic compounds and radioactive emissions, then cover the impact of pollutants on biodiversity, food safety, and water contamination. This book: - Covers toxicology from human morbidity, ecological impact and biodiversity perspectives, and emphasises the impact of diverse organic pollutants in worsening these interconnected phenomena, leading to wider environmental emergencies; - Provides a selection of fill-in-the-gap, multiple choice and short answer question types for students to vary their learning and enhance motivation; - Includes full answer rationales, allowing students to gain true insight into the subject. Providing support to programmes across environmental science, ecology and human health, and covering all the major biological toxins and pollutants as well as unintended consequences of actions designed to improve outcomes, this book may be used in conjunction with the companion volume Introduction to Environmental Toxicology.

      • Trusted Partner
        Medicine
        August 2019

        A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology

        Human Disorders and Ecotoxicology

        by J P F D'Mello

        In Environmental Toxicology the authors focus on two key aspects: human disorders and ecotoxicology as affected by major toxins original from biology sources and pollutants and radiation generated spontaneously or as a result of anthropogenic activity. A diverse array of these potentially harmful agents regularly appear in the atmosphere, soil, water and food, compromising both human health and biodiversity in natural and managed ecosystems. This book: - provides authoritative reviews together with specialist short communications to complement the main chapters and address contemporary issues with important case studies; - explores the cutting edge of research and also indicates the likely direction of future developments; - contains extensive coverage of toxicants that are of significant current interest and will be of increasing concern for many years to come; and - encourages international cooperation in future research on pollution and other environmental agents causing harm to human health and degradation of natural habitats in the ecosystem. Written by an international team of authors from a range of educational, medical and research establishments, this book is an essential reference for advanced students and researchers in the areas of environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, environmental health and medicine, in addition to industry and government personnel responsible for environmental regulations and directives.

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