Based on the research content of the 2012 National Social Science Fund Project "Study on the Basic Role of Chinese Textbooks in Cultural Inheritance and Innovation in the Past Century", and relying on more than 10,000 textbooks and a large amount of historical materials, this book, under the influence of the cultural background of textbook compilers, social and cultural trends, key cultural events and other factors in different historical periods over the past century, makes a purposeful choice and transfer of knowledge, carries out the studies on cultural inheritance and innovation, explores the cultural selections of textbooks in the past century and their reciprocal causation relationship with social culture indicated, and reveals the cultural picture of Chinese textbooks in the past century, thus forming the scientific attitude and value vision regarding the cultural mission and function of textbooks.