This book is based on thinking and mathematical thinking, and focuses on mathematical modeling thinking ability. In recent years, the papers of the National College Students Mathematical Modeling Competition and the "Teddy Cup" Data Analysis Professional Skills Competition of the Higher Education Club Cup are selected as examples for research and analysis. Cultivation and flexible use of thinking ability in mathematical modeling. The first chapter of this book gives an overview of thinking; the second and third chapters introduce mathematical thinking and mathematical thinking ability; the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh chapters have carried out detailed research from mathematical modeling thinking to mathematical modeling ability. The participating papers are examples of concrete analysis of the cultivation and application of mathematical modeling thinking ability. This book attaches importance to the cultivation of mathematical modeling ability in higher vocational colleges, expands the dimension of mathematics learning thinking, enhances the enthusiasm and initiative of learning, and guides the integration of mathematics teaching with social life and scientific research.