In the past two decades we have experienced a profound change in our view of multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, we are still only at the beginning of a new era for treatment of the disease. This book, in four sections written by acknowledged experts, first addresses the unmet medical needs associated with available treatments. The second chapter is a thorough exploration of potential pathogenetic mechanisms that could be targeted with new oral medications. In the third chapter, oral immunomodulators in late-stage clinical trials are described, and the final chapter deals with oral therapeutics in the pipeline and future directions for therapeutic approaches, including some symptomatic therapies and hypothetical strategies for promoting CNS protection and repair.