As the symptom of atypical genital bleeding and discharge appears early in the clinical course, many women with endometrial cancer have early-stage disease at diagnosis. This leads to general recognition of endometrial cancer as an indolent disease. The number of published scientific articles on endometrial cancer searched on Pubmed is fewer than those on cervical and ovarian cancer, although endometrial cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the female reproductive organs in industrialized countries. However, it is important to know that advanced-stage disease (stage III/IV) does have an ominous outcome similar to that of cervical and ovarian cancers. Further promotion of basic and clinical research to improve the prognosis of endometrial cancer is clearly necessary.