Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the best characterized human autoimmune disease and affects approximately 5% of the world’s population. Clinically, it is defined by a low platelet count and increased bleeding risk. In this book, international experts provide a rounded overview of the disease and its management. The pathogenesis of this multifactorial and heterogeneous disease is addressed in the opening chapter. Following a chapter on symptoms and diagnosis, there is an overview of treatment options and an algorithm for therapy. Subsequent chapters review the various medical approaches available, including steroids, immunoglobulins, immunosuppressants, TPO receptor agonists, and other interventions such as platelet transfusion and surgical approaches.