Personalized medicine represents the major hope and, perhaps, the most rational way, to improve health. This book includes six chapters from international expert authors covering the latest advances, challenges and perspectives in addressing current unanswered questions in achieving personalized care. Emphasis is given to the first successful steps in translating breakthroughs in personal genetics and genomics into personalized risk-assessment based prevention and treatment of the major cancer types. The book provides a balanced and objective approach that reflects not only the promise of personalized therapies but also the many current limitations in personal genomics.