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United States Institute of Peace
TheUnited States Insitute of Peace was created by the US congress as a federally funded presscreatingworks toprevent and resolve global conflict by providing education and resources to work towards peace.
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March 2021International Trade in Forest Products
Lumber Trade Disputes, Models and Examples
by G Cornelis van Kooten, Linda Voss
Because of the long-standing Canada-U.S. lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and facilitate readers in easily constructing their own models to analyse policy questions that they wish to address, whether in forestry or some other sector. Examples in the book are meant to illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one nation on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world. This book will appeal to practising economists and researchers who wish to examine various policies that affect international trade, whether their interest is local or international in scope. Because the book provides the theoretical bases underlying various models, students and practitioners will find this a valuable reference book or supplementary textbook.
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January 2021Practical R for Biologists
An Introduction
by Donald Quicke, Buntika A Butcher, Rachel Kruft Welton
R is a freely available, open-source statistical programming environment which provides powerful statistical analysis tools and graphics outputs. R is now used by a very wide range of people; biologists (the primary audience of this book), but also all other scientists and engineers, economists, market researchers and medical professionals. R users with expertise are constantly adding new associated packages, and the range already available is immense.This text works through a set of studies that collectively represent almost all the R operations that biology students need in order to analyse their own data. The material is designed to serve students from first year undergraduates through to those beginning post graduate levels. Chapters are organized around topics such as graphing, classical statistical tests, statistical modelling, mapping, and text parsing. Examples are based on real scientific studies, and each one covers the use of more R functions than those simply necessary to get a p-value or plot.The book walks the reader through the data analysis process, starting with very simple plots, and continuing through more complex analyses and programming. It shows how to deal with issues such as error messages that can be confronting for beginners, in order to set students up for a successful scientific career using R.Collectively the authors have a vast amount of teaching experience which they apply here to make the passage into R programming as gentle and easy as possible, whilst guiding the reader to tackle quite complicated programming. Table of contents 1: How to Use this Book 2: Installing and Running R 3: Very Basic R Syntax 4: First Simple Programs and Graphics 5: The Dataframe Concept 6: Plotting Biological Data in Various Ways 7: The Grammar of Graphics Family of Packages 8: Sets and Venn diagrams 9: Statistics: Choosing the Right Test 10: Commonly Used Measures and Statistical Tests 11: Regression and Correlation Analyses 12: Count Data as Response Variable 13: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 14: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) 15: More Generalised Linear Modelling 16: Monte Carlo Tests and Randomisation 17: Principal Components Analysis 18: Species Abundance, Accumulation and Diversity Data 19: Survivorship 20: Dates and Julian Dates 21: Mapping and Parsing Text Input for Data 22: More on Manipulating Text 23: Phylogenies and Trees 24: Working with DNA Sequences and other character data 25: Spacing in Two Dimensions 26: Population Modelling Including Spatially Explicit Models 27: More on “apply” Family of Functions – Avoid Loops to get More Speed 28: Food webs and simple graphics 29: Adding Photographs 30: Standard Distributions in R 31: Reading and Writing Data to and from Files
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July 2023Linear Models for the Prediction of the Genetic Merit of Animals
by Raphael A Mrode, Ivan Pocrnic
The prediction of producing desirable traits in offspring such as increased growth rate, or superior meat, milk and wool production, is a vital economic tool to the animal scientist. Covering the fundamental principles of the application of linear models for the prediction of genetic merit in livestock, this new edition is fully updated to incorporate recent advances in methods of genomic prediction for pure and cross-bred animals. It provides models for the analysis of main production traits as well as functional traits, and includes numerous worked examples. The book covers: - models of survival analysis, social interaction and sire and dam models; - advancements in the use of SNPs in the computation of genomic breeding values; - single step approaches to genomics; - genomic non-additive models; - temporal and genomic analysis of genetic change. Suitable for postgraduate students, researchers and lecturers of animal breeding, genetics and genomics, this established textbook provides a thorough grounding in both the basics and new developments of linear models and animal genetics.
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Science & MathematicsApril 2022Nematodes as Model Organisms
by Itamar Glazer, David I Shapiro-llan, Paul W. Sternberg
Nematodes, which are small multi cellular organisms have been used as biological models since the 1960's. The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode, about 1mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. It is made up of about 1000 cells, and has a short life cycle of only 2 weeks. It was the first multicellular organism to have its whole genome sequenced. The book includes chapters that summarize the importance of nematodes as model organisms in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, nutrition, ecology and parasitology. Of interest to a broad audience across a wide spectrum of disciplines, the book is useful for biologists working on comparative studies to investigate biological processes across organisms; medical scientists and pharmacologist for exploration of drugs and medicine (including the use of genome editing to eliminate diseases); ecologists considering nematodes as indicators for environment changes; and parasitologists for host-parasite interactions. Many other researchers can use this book as a benchmark for the broad implications of nematology research on other aspects of science.
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Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniquesSeptember 2003Modelling Forest Systems
by Edited by Ana Amaro, David Reed, Paula Soares
There are many theoretical approaches to modelling forest systems, but not all of them have valid practical applications. This book reviews current thinking on various models and explores a variety of areas and approaches. The papers in this book have been selected and developed from those presented at a workshop held in Portugal in June 2002. The topics covered include: forest reality and modelling strategies; mathematical approaches and reasoning; estimation processes models; validation and decision under uncertainty and model archives and metadata.The book will be of significant interest to those in areas of forestry, applied ecology, and statistics and economics.
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MedicineTheory and Model of Physiotherapy
by Heidi Höppner, Robert Richter (editors)
How will physiotherapy adapt to developments and challenges in the 21st century? New thinking while keeping the tried-and-tested: This is the motto adopted by eight physiotherapy researchers and practitioners in this handbook. Their contributions advance the theory for their discipline. They have met regularly at the so-called Berlin Salon since 2015: they analyze, discuss, and incorporate existing models and adopt a theory. They are all professionally qualified physiotherapists with further training in fields such as health science, education, and therapy management. They all suffer from the lack of theory in professional practice, and they have all experienced the diverse, often unconscious discourses in the field. Theoretical understanding and theory development require theory-driven reflection, the results of which have long since left the Berlin Salon and been adopted internationally. Target Group: Physiotherapists, healthcare scientists, university instructors
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Teaching, Language & ReferenceAugust 2019Introductory Probability and Statistics
Applications for Forestry and the Natural Sciences (Revised Edition)
by Robert Kozak, Antal Kozak, Christina Staudhammer, Susan Watts
This special revised edition of this unique textbook is specifically designed for statistics and probability courses taught to students of forestry and related disciplines. It introduces probability, statistical techniques, data analysis, hypothesis testing, experimental design, sampling methods, nonparametric tests and statistical quality control, using examples drawn from a forestry, wood science and conservation context. The book now includes several new practical exercises for students to practice data analysis and experimental design themselves. It has been updated throughout, and its scope has been broadened to reflect the evolving and dynamic nature of forestry, bringing in examples from conservation science, recreation and urban forestry.
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Agriculture & farmingJune 2016Farm-level Modelling
Techniques, Applications and Policy
by Edited by S Shrestha, B V Ahmadi, A Barnes
Farm level models have been widely used in agricultural economic studies. This book provides an in-depth description of different methodologies and techniques currently used in farm level modelling. Whilst chapters will give an overview of the theoretical grounding behind the models, it will take an applied stance; more specifically using cases from the application of modelling to policy reforms and the subsequent impacts on rural communities and food supply. This book also provide descriptions on using farm level models in much wider field such as aggregation and linking with sectoral models.
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Animal husbandryJuly 2006Mechanistic Modelling in Pig and Poultry Production
by Edited by Colin Fisher, Rob Gous, Trevor R Morris
This book is based on papers presented at a symposium held in 2005 in South Africa. It brings together the most recent academic writings on modelling concepts, problems and applications of models and looks at the development, usefulness and limitations of models in pigs and poultry. Contents includes; description of growth and feed intake, modelling social systems and disease effects, nutrient flow models, energy transactions and energy feed systems, optimisation of broiler nutrition and modelling egg production in layering hens.
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June 2021Applied Plant Science Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Using SAS® OnDemand for Academics
by Edward Durner
The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analysing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. SAS® is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic institutions.This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book:- Covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols- Is presented as a how-to guide with many examples- Includes freely downloadable data sets- Examines key topics such as merging data frames, multivariate analysis and linear regressionAuthored by an experienced teacher of applied plant science statistics, this book assumes no prior background in statistics and guides users through the appropriate methodologies in research. It is an invaluable tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers, extension consultants, faculty and technicians.
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Literature & Literary StudiesMarch 2017Imperialism and juvenile literature
by Jeffrey Richards
Popular culture is invariably a vehicle for the dominant ideas of its age. Never was this truer than in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when it reflected the nationalist and imperialist ideologies current throughout Europe. It both reflects popular attitudes, ideas and preconceptions and it generates support for selected views and opinions. This book examines the various media through which nationalist ideas were conveyed in late-Victorian and Edwardian times: in the theatre, "ethnic" shows, juvenile literature, education and the iconography of popular art. It seeks to examine in detail the articulation and diffusion of imperialism in the field of juvenile literature by stressing its pervasiveness across boundaries of class, nation and gender. It analyses the production, distribution and marketing of imperially-charged juvenile fiction, stressing the significance of the Victorians' discovery of adolescence, technological advance and educational reforms as the context of the great expansion of such literature. An overview of the phenomenon of Robinson Crusoe follows, tracing the process of its transformation into a classic text of imperialism and imperial masculinity for boys. The imperial commitment took to the air in the form of the heroic airmen of inter-war fiction. The book highlights that athleticism, imperialism and militarism become enmeshed at the public schools. It also explores the promotion of imperialism and imperialist role models in fiction for girls, particularly Girl Guide stories.
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History of Art / Art & Design StylesDecember 2006Model and supermodel
The artists' model in British art and culture
by Edited by Jane Desmarais, Martin Postle and Martin Vaughan
Over the last twenty years there have been flurries of interest in the artist's model, and recent exhibitions have stimulated new activity in this area. Model and Supermodel extends the discussion about the social and cultural significance of the model in British art and culture. A fascinating collection of essays and interviews, it examines the persistent mythology of the artist's model and some of the ambiguities involved in depicting the body. The volume begins with Martin Postle's survey of the profession of the model during the period c.1840-1940. Elizabeth Prettejohn considers the Pre-Raphaelite model and Alison Smith examines the lives of some nineteenth-century models who achieved fame and notoriety in their own right. Jane Desmarais looks at the model from a literary perspective and Reena Suleman presents the work of Edward Linley Sambourne. Michael Hatt's essay examines the aesthetic and ethical aspects of Tuke's use of boy models for his paintings of nude bathers, and William Vaughan reflects on the British figurative tradition from Sickert to Freud. Catherine Wood brings the volume up to date with her essay on the found model in contemporary art, and the volume concludes with two interviews with the artist, Peter Blake, and a life model, Susannah Gregory. The book offers a series of lively takes on the phenomenon of the artist's model. It will make fascinating reading for those interested in modern art and the wider aspects of British culture and society.
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Zoology & animal sciencesDecember 2014Nutritional Modelling for Pigs and Poultry
by Hilda C P Bendezu, Melina A Bonato, Edney Pereira da Silva, Daniella C.Z. Donato, Juliano C P Dorigam, Jean-Yves Dourmad, Neil S Ferguson, Antonio Sergio Ferraudo, Colin Fisher, Frank Liebert, Edgar Oviedo-Rondón, Candido Pomar, Virginie Rivera-Torres, Normand St-Pierre, Jaap van Milgen, Nilva K Sakomura. Edited by Nilva K Sakmoura, Rob Gous, Ilias Kyriazakis, L Hauschild.
Modelling is a useful tool for decision making in complex agro-industrial scenarios. Containing a selection of the papers presented at the International Symposium of Modelling in Pig and Poultry Production 2013, this book brings together the best and most recent academic work on modelling in the pig and poultry industry, with a particular emphasis on nutrition. It reviews basic modelling concepts, descriptions and applications of production models and new methods and approaches in modelling.
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Agronomy & crop productionMarch 2012Modeling Physiology of Crop Development, Growth and Yield
by Afshin Soltani, Thomas R Sinclair
Model studies focus experimental investigations to improve our understanding and performance of systems. Concentrating on crop modeling, this book provides an introduction to the concepts of crop development, growth, and yield, with step-by-step outlines to each topic, suggested exercises and simple equations. A valuable text for students and researchers of crop development alike, this book is written in five parts that allow the reader to develop a solid foundation and coverage of production models including water- and nitrogen-limited systems.
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February 2019Tourism Information Technology
by Pierre J Benckendorff, Zheng Xiang, Pauline J Sheldon
This third edition of 'Tourism Information Technology' provides a contemporary update on the complexities of using information technology in the tourism industry. It examines IT applications in all sectors including airlines, travel intermediaries, accommodation, foodservice, destinations, attractions, events and entertainment. Fully updated throughout and organised around the stages of the visitor journey, the book reviews how tourists are using technologies to support decision making before their trip, during their travels and at the destination. It: · Provides comprehensive and up to date coverage of all key topics in tourism information technologies · Covers new areas such as (among others) augmented and virtual reality, robotics, smart destinations, disruptive innovation and the collaborative economy, crowdsourcing for sustainability, online reputation management and big data · Incorporates a wealth of pedagogic features to aid student learning, including key models and concepts, research and industry insights, case studies, key terms, discussion questions, and links to useful websites. Accompanied online by instructor PowerPoint slides, multiple choice questions and further case studies, this book provides a comprehensive and learning-focused text for students of tourism and related subjects.
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Science & MathematicsOctober 2017Data Analysis in Vegetation Ecology
by Otto Wildi
The 3rd edition of this popular textbook introduces the reader to the investigation of vegetation systems with an emphasis on data analysis. The book succinctly illustrates the various paths leading to high quality data suitable for pattern recognition, pattern testing, static and dynamic modelling and model testing including spatial and temporal aspects of ecosystems. Step-by-step introductions using small examples lead to more demanding approaches illustrated by real world examples aimed at explaining interpretations. All data sets and examples described in the book are available online and are written using the freely available statistical package R. This book will be of particular value to beginning graduate students and postdoctoral researchers of vegetation ecology, ecological data analysis, and ecological modelling, and experienced researchers needing a guide to new methods. A completely revised and updated edition of this popular introduction to data analysis in vegetation ecology. Includes practical step-by-step examples using the freely available statistical package R. Complex concepts and operations are explained using clear illustrations and case studies relating to real world phenomena. Emphasizes method selection rather than just giving a set of recipes.
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Business, Economics & LawDecember 2017Tour Operators and Operations
Development, Management and Responsibility
by Jacqueline Holland, David Leslie
With a focus on the creation and distribution of packaged holidays, this text covers the fundamentals of business and the relationship between tour operators and destinations. With particular reference to the sustainability of both parties, it reviews the impacts and influences of tour operations and practices on destinations within the overriding context of tour operator responsibility. It addresses the entirety of this key component of the tourism sector, and reflects the shift in recent years from traditional 'sun, sea and sand' holiday to more bespoke packages. Taking into account tour operators as a growing factor among the major emergent economies of the world, this book is: - The first textbook to provide such in-depth content of tour operators and operations. - Written by authors with industry, research and teaching experience. - A wealth of information regarding popular eco, nature and adventure trips, as well as myriad niche and special interest products. Full of international and highly topical case studies, exercises and discussion questions, Tour Operators and Operations: Development, Management and Responsibility is a fundamental text for students of tourism.
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Agricultural scienceDecember 2006Mathematical Models in Agriculture
Quantitative Methods for the Plant, Animal and Ecological Sciences
by Dr John H M Thornley. Edited by James (Jim) France.
Bringing together the disciplines of agriculture, animal science, plant science and ecology, this book explores how mathematics can be used to understand and explain agricultural processes. It starts by providing a review of the mathematical models currently available to agriculturalists, and the philosophy behind, and objectives of, modeling. The book then applies these techniques to real-life problems faced by people managing crops and animals, including the influence of digestion on animal growth rates and levels of photosynthesis on crop yield.
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Animal husbandryDecember 1999Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models
by Edited by Michael K Theodorou, James (Jim) France
Written by leading researchers from the USA, Canada and Europe, this is an essential reference tool for researchers and advanced students in animal nutrition.Farm livestock have evolved digestive systems that are capable of digesting fibrous materials and by-products unsuited for man. Throughout the world, production from farm livestock is concerned with providing food and clothing of animal origin for man. Animal production science underpins this goal and provides the scientific basis for livestock management practices. Feed evaluation concerns the use of methods to describe animal feedstuffs with respect to their ability to sustain different types and levels of animal performance. The main themes of the book are methods of feed evaluation, current feeding systems, and mechanistic mathematical modelling. No other title brings together methods, systems and models under one cover.
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Business & managementNovember 2012Veterinary Practice Management
by Catherine R Coates, Alan Jones, Michael W Coates
Veterinarians are increasingly aware of the need to recognise they are working in a business enterprise. From operating as small practices twenty years ago, veterinary businesses are now run along sophisticated models and operate out of multi-million pound hospitals. Drawing together the latest information on practice management, this textbook provides practical and straightforward coverage of major elements, including client relationships and staff management, business and financial procedures, computer systems and project management. This book covers practice management topics as taught in veterinary schools worldwide, providing students with a textbook resource in this increasingly important subject. It is also a valuable source of information for newly qualified veterinarians, veterinarians interested in practice management and veterinary practice managers.
