Somos una congregación de mujeres consagradas a Dios de la Iglesia Católica, para la evangelización con los medios de comunicación social.Sobre las huellas de Pablo, y con su mismo espíritu dedicamos todas nuestras fuerzas para VIVIR y COMUNICAR a Jesucristo en el areópago de la comunicación.
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'Hör mir zu, Paula, ich erzähle dir eine Geschichte, damit du nicht so verloren bist, wenn du wieder aufwachst.' Das Unfaßbare geschah im Dezember 1991, als lsabel Allendes Tochter Paula plötzlich schwer erkrankte und kurz darauf ins Koma fiel. Eine heimtückische Stoffwechselkrankheit hatte die lebensfrohe junge Frau jäh niedergeworfen, im Herbst 1992 starb sie. Das Schicksal ihrer Tochter wurde für lsabel Allende zur schwersten Prüfung ihres Lebens. Um die Hoffnung nicht zu verlieren, schrieb sie, der Tochter zur Erinnerung um sich selbst zur Tröstung, 'das Buch ihres Lebens – in doppelter Hinsieht' (Bayerischer Rundfunk), ihr persönlichstes und intimstes Buch 'eine Hymne auf das Leben' (stern)
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Als Paula Becker 1899 den wesentlich älteren Otto Modersohn kennenlernt, ist sie eine junge, ehrgeizige Künstlerin, die um jeden Preis malen will, er dagegen ist längst anerkannt, einer der Gründer der Künstlerkolonie in Worpswede und außerdem verheiratet. Trotz dieser Widrigkeiten ist die gegenseitige Anziehung unübersehbar, und ein Jahr später werden die beiden ein Paar. Schon die ersten Briefe, die sie während Paula Beckers Reisen nach Berlin und Paris wechseln, zeugen von der großen Zuneigung der beiden, aber auch von ihrer tiefen Verbundenheit im künstlerischen Schaffen. In den späteren Jahren dient der schriftliche Austausch immer wieder dazu, sich über Malerei und das Formulieren der künstlerischen Ziele auseinanderzusetzen. Und nicht zuletzt gibt es Anekdoten aus dem Worpsweder Freundeskreis zu erzählen, und Paula Becker berichtet amüsiert vom Ehevorbereitungskurs in Berlin. Der überraschende Fund eines Großteils der Briefe Otto Modersohns an Paula Modersohn-Becker, die lange Jahre als verschollen galten, macht es hier erstmals möglich, diesen lebendigen Austausch ausführlich zu beleuchten.
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In der »Filmerzählung« (Plenzdorf) von Paul und Paula spielt sich alles so und nicht anders ab: Es braucht lange bis zur großen Liebe. Paul, persönlicher Referent in einer Außenhandelsbehörde, hat ein bildhübsches, doch nicht sehr gescheites Mädchen geheiratet. Paula, mit zwei Kindern von zwei Männern, arbeitet im Supermarkt und ist entschlossen, dem Werben des älteren Herren und Reifenhändlers nachzugeben – da begegnen sich Paul und Paula wieder, da geschieht's, in der Garage, da türmen sich die Komplikationen, bis alle Komplikationen der ganz großen Liebe und schließlich einer letzten Komplikation, Paulas Tod, Platz machen.
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Nur zwei Bilder hatte sie verkauft, als sie 1907, wenige Tage nach der Geburt ihrer Tochter, einer Embolie erlag. Paula Modersohn-Becker starb früh. Sie war gerade einunddreißig Jahre alt. Doch sie hinterließ mehr als tausend Zeichnungen und rund siebenhundert Gemälde. Zu Lebzeiten angefeindet, von der Nachwelt lange unterschätzt, wird sie jetzt neu entdeckt: als eine selbstbewußte Frau, die im Leben und in der Kunst zur Moderne gehört – nicht zuletzt dank der spannenden Bestseller-Biografie von Barbara Beuys.
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Wie aufregend! Paula und Sine dürfen beim Ponyturnier mitreiten; sie üben fleißig mit ihren Ponys. Da taucht ein neues Mädchen auf dem Ponyhof auf: Alice, eine richtige Angeberin. Sie füttert heimlich ihr Pony Nero, damit es beim Turnier stärker ist als alle anderen. So viel Aufregung bei Paulas erstem Turnier! Wer wohl gewinnen wird? Die bunten Silben machen das Lesenlernen noch leichter!
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Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food 2 is a sequel to Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food, involving Mr. Chua's travel notes and random thoughts on his trip for savoring food, especially his new articles as well as his Weibo post about delicacies, anecdotes and scenery during 2018 to 2020. What Mr. Chua delivers to us in this book goes beyond just travelling and food, but more of his refreshing insight into life's ups and downs.
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35 Jahre lang hat John E. Woods Arno Schmidt übersetzt, fast das gesamte literarische Werk des deutschen Schriftstellers übertrug der Amerikaner in seine Muttersprache. Die erste Schmidt-Lektüre war für ihn eine »Explosion« – mit Schmidts »Evening Edged in Gold« (»Abend mit Goldrand«) hat der preisgekrönte Übersetzer seine Karriere einst begonnen, dessen wichtigstes und umfangreichstes Werk hob sich Woods bis zum Schluss auf: Jetzt liegt der Überroman »Zettel’s Traum« endlich auf Englisch vor. Schmidts Sprachspiele, eine Herausforderung für jeden Übersetzer, hat Woods immer kreativ in die flexible englische Sprache übertragen, und manchmal ist seine Lösung witziger als das Original. John E. Woods über Bottom’s Dream: »›I have had a dream past the wit of man to say what dream it was,‹ says Bottom. ›I have had a dream, and I wrote a Big Book about it,‹ Arno Schmidt might have said. Schmidt’s rare vision is a journey into many literary worlds. First and foremost it is about Edgar Allan Poe, or perhaps it is language itself that plays that lead role; and it is certainly about sex in its many Freudian disguises, but about love as well, whether fragile and unfulfilled or crude and wedded.«
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Lam Chua: Travel Notes on Food involves Mr. Chua's travel notes and random thoughts on his trip for savoring food. He experiences around the world from Moscow to Buenos Aires, feasting your eyes on European and American styles and customs; he travels around China from Dalian of Liaoning to Sheung Wan of Hong Kong, savoring local culture and cuisines; he talks about food from cup noodles and sauce to fish roes and curry, airing opinions and making comments in passionate language. Besides, the book is illustrated by the Hong Kong talented artist as well as Mr. Chua's dedicated illustrator Ms. Meilo So. Her loose, flowing, and easily recognizable style add more appeal and interest to the book.
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In "Wo ist meine Kuscheldecke?" von Lucy Rowland begibt sich die kleine Prinzessin Bella auf eine spannende Suche nach ihrer geliebten Kuscheldecke, die sie zum Schlafen unbedingt braucht. Trotz intensiver Nachforschungen bei ihrem Bruder, einem Riesen und einer Hexe findet sie ihre Decke nicht. Erst beim müden Drachen, der die Decke ebenso liebgewonnen hat, wird sie fündig. Nun steht Bella vor der Herausforderung, eine ebenbürtige Alternative für den Drachen zu finden, um ihre Kuscheldecke zurückzuerhalten. Diese charmante Gute-Nacht-Geschichte ist voll von beliebten Märchenfiguren, humorvoll gereimt von Paul Maar und mit warmherzigen, modernen Illustrationen von Paula Metcalf bereichert, was sie zu einem perfekten Vorleseerlebnis für Kinder zwischen vier und sechs Jahren macht. Fesselnde Handlung: Die Suche nach der vermissten Kuscheldecke hält junge Leser gefesselt und fördert die Lesemotivation. Emotionale Themen: Behandelt Themen wie Freundschaft, Problemlösung und Empathie, ideal für die soziale und emotionale Entwicklung junger Kinder. Lehrreiche Moral: Fördert Werte wie Kreativität im Finden von Lösungen und das Teilen mit anderen. Liebevolle Illustrationen: Die Bilder von Paula Metcalf ergänzen den Text wundervoll und machen das Buch zu einem visuellen Genuss. Reime, die begeistern: Die von Paul Maar meisterhaft geschriebenen Reime sind nicht nur unterhaltsam, sondern unterstützen auch die sprachliche Entwicklung.
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»Eine Russin fragte mich, ob ich denn das auch wirklich so sähe, wie ich das mach, und wer mir das beigebracht hätte. Da log ich und sagte stolz: ›Mon mari‹. Darauf ging ihr ein Talglicht auf und sie sagte erleuchtet: ›Ach so, Sie malen wie Ihr Mann malt.‹ Daß man so malt wie man selber, das vermuten sie nicht.« Paula Modersohn-Becker malte wie sie selber, und als sie am 20. November 1907 mit 31 Jahren starb, hinterließ sie ein Werk, das Epoche machte. In den Briefen an ihre Eltern, später vor allem an Otto Modersohn, spricht sie von ihrer Arbeit, beschreibt mit großer Treffsicherheit die Bilder, die sie in den Museen beeindruckten. Paula Becker ist eine hinreißende Briefschreiberin, und in ihren Schilderungen zeichnet sich über die wenigen Jahre ihres Schaffens hin ihre künstlerische Reifung ab, als hätte sie gewußt, daß sie nicht viel Zeit haben würde.
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Die Malerin Paula Modersohn-Becker und den Dichter Rainer Maria Rilke verband eine von Spannungen nicht freie Freundschaft. Ihr Einander-Verstehen und -Missverstehen und Rilkes erst postum ausgesprochene Hochachtung für das Werk der Freundin haben vielfach Anlass zu Spekulationen gegeben, bis hin zu einer vermuteten Liebesbeziehung. Ihr erstmals zum Dialog zusammengeführter Briefwechsel zeigt sie als verletzliche, seelenverwandte junge Menschen, die am Beginn der Moderne in Deutschland über das Persönliche hinaus die Suche nach einem eigenen künstlerischen Standpunkt verbunden hat.
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Woods and forests were the principal source of fuel in Europe for many hundreds of years. In addition, they were crucially important as a source of construction material for a wide range of domestic, agricultural, industrial and military artifacts. Moreover, they were used for grazing, cultivation and hunting. Consequently, the varied landscapes of today are often a result of past management policies which were closely linked to important events and cultural developments in human history. This book is a valuable source of information for historians and conservationists who wish to preserve our cultural heritage. This book is an interdisciplinary work which draws on selected papers presented at an international conference of forest historians organised at The University of Nottingham in September 1996 in association with the British Ecological Society and the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. In it, historians, geographers and foresters who are leading authorities explore recent developments in the study of the cultural history of European forests in a wide selection of case studies from Scotland, Central England, Spain, Germany and Israel. The book concludes with a theoretical consideration of the concept of ancient woodland. It represents essential reading for landscape historians, geographers, foresters, ecologists, conservationists and land managers with an interest in European forests and is also a useful source for advanced students of these disciplines.
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There are many theoretical approaches to modelling forest systems, but not all of them have valid practical applications. This book reviews current thinking on various models and explores a variety of areas and approaches. The papers in this book have been selected and developed from those presented at a workshop held in Portugal in June 2002. The topics covered include: forest reality and modelling strategies; mathematical approaches and reasoning; estimation processes models; validation and decision under uncertainty and model archives and metadata.The book will be of significant interest to those in areas of forestry, applied ecology, and statistics and economics.
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What happened with forest dieback? The predictions of the 1980s that forests would be in decline across Europe have not come true. Currently, attention again focuses on the doom scenarios of the loss of entire forests and cultural landscapes in an emotional and sometimes hysterical debate. Biogeographer Hans Jürgen Böhmer refers to updated case studies and his 30 years of research experience on global ecosystems to demonstrate extremely complex interrelations of the natural world that various actors monitor in contrasting ways and characterized by different times and ideologies. Böhmer advocates to embed the sustainability debate more strongly in the living environment, rather than relying exclusively on model calculations.
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Because of the long-standing Canada-U.S. lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and facilitate readers in easily constructing their own models to analyse policy questions that they wish to address, whether in forestry or some other sector. Examples in the book are meant to illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one nation on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world. This book will appeal to practising economists and researchers who wish to examine various policies that affect international trade, whether their interest is local or international in scope. Because the book provides the theoretical bases underlying various models, students and practitioners will find this a valuable reference book or supplementary textbook.
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This book is a guide for the identification of the indigenous forest trees of Uganda. It will be useful for those who wish to contribute towards the conservation of the forests or to plant indigenous trees. Information is provided on how to propagate and cultivate about 80 of the most valuable species. Indigenous trees provide numerous resources useful for welfare and development. They include many types of timber and non-timber forest products, such as craft materials, foods and medicines. The proximity of indigenous forest helps to moderate the local climate, making it more suitable for agriculture. Indigenous forests protect springs, therefore safeguarding water supplies more effectively than exotic trees such as pines and eucalyptus. All 450 known indigenous tree species from the forests are included. Both scientific and local names are provided, the latter in 21 languages. Local names facilitate access to knowledge and values traditionally attached to the species, useful when planning pathways of development firmly rooted in local culture. The book will be invaluable for botanists, foresters, rural development workers and members of the general public concerned about contributing to conservation and sustainable development in Uganda. Many of the species grow in neighbouring countries, so the book has relevance there too.
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This large-size wimmel-boardbook in leporello format can be opened to a length of nearly three-and-a-half metres. It invites you on an immersive journey through the woods. On the one hand you will find the secret life of a forest populated by flora and fauna that seem enchanted. A journey to the depths of the forest where we observe how dozens of animals coexist, walking, exploring, singing, playing, running, playing instruments, dancing, bathing, hugging and taking care of each other. On the other side, a farm with inhabitants who love their environment and cultivate it. 10 flaps to discover hidden animals. Back cover brings a quote from the painter Henri Matisse. Awards: Fundación Cuatrogatos, USA, 2022; “The Best of Banco del Libro”, Venezuela, 2022; Colibrí Medal 2023, Ibby Chile; Best Picture Book 2023, Ministry of Culture, Chile
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Our understanding of the historical ecology of European forests has been transformed in the last twenty years. Bringing together key findings from across the continent, Europe's Changing Woods and Forests: From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes provides a comprehensive account of recent research and the relevance of historical studies to our current conservation and management of forests. Combining theory with a series of regional case studies, this book shows how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area, with broad implications for woodland history, policy and management. Beginning with an overview of Europe's woods and forests, the book reviews a variety of management techniques (including wood-pastures, coppicing, close-to-nature forestry and the impact of hunting), describes how plants and animals respond to changes in woodland and forest cover, and includes case histories from around the continent. It concludes with a discussion of how lessons learned from the past can help in the future. This book is both a vital resource and an interesting read for foresters, conservationists, landscape historians, geographers and ecologists. ; This book provides a comprehensive account of the relevance of historical studies to current conservation and management of forests. It combines theory with a series of regional case studies to show how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area. ; I: ContributorsII: PrefaceIII: AcknowledgementsPART 1: Introduction and Overview1.0: Overview of Europe’s woods and forests1.1: Introduction1.2: The current state and composition of European woods and forests1.2.1: European forests in a global context1.2.2: Variation in forest cover across the continent1.2.3: Variation in forest composition1.3: Forestry policy and cooperation at a European level 01.3.1: Forestry policy1.3.2: Conservation measures1.3.3: Landscape and amenity conservation.1.3.4: Certification as an approach to sustainable forestry management1.3.5: Forest research cooperation across Europe1.4: Conclusion1.5: References2.0: Methods and approaches in the study of woodland history2.1: Introduction2.2: Oral history2.3: Photographs and drawings2.4: Biological indicators2.5: Historical records2.6: Preserved wood and dendrochronology2.7: Lidar and GIS2.8: Applying archaeological insights to ecological issues2.9: Pollen and charcoal analysis2.10: Conclusion2.11: References3.0: The forest landscape before farming3.1: Where to begin?3.2: A cold open continent3.3: Trees spread back after the ice3.3.1: Forming a canopy 53.3.2: The wood beneath the trees3.3.3: Molecular markers for re-colonisation routes.3.4: A holey blanket of trees3.5: The role of large herbivores, particularly bison, wild horse and aurochs3.6: People in the landscape: the trees in retreat3.7: References4.0: Evolution of modern landscapes4.1: Introduction4.2: The emergence of woodland management4.3: Changes in forest extent and distribution4.3.1: Reductions in forest cover4.3.2: Increases as well as decreases4.3.3: Patterns of clearance and survival4.3.4: The ecological consequences of a patchy landscape4.4: Changes in structure and composition through management4.5: Deliberate modification of the tree and shrub composition of forests4.6: Other species gains and losses4.7: Changes to the fire regime4.8: Changes to the forest soil4.9: Forests and atmospheric pollution4.10: Climate change4.11: Conclusion4.12: ReferencesPART 2: The variety of management across European woods and forests5.0: Wood-pastures in Europe5.1: Introduction5.2: Wood-pasture: a multi-purpose system5.3: Historical development of wood-pastures in Europe5.3.1: Forest grazing and pasturing in ancient times5.3.2: Driving the livestock out of the forest (18th-19th centuries)5.3.4: New recognition for wood-pastures?5.4: National inventories of wood-pastures5.5: Wood-pastures as multi-functional landscape elements: past and present5.6: Threats to wood-pastures5.6.1: Management changes5.6.2: Policy mismatch5.6.3: Decline of old, hollowing or dying trees5.6.4: Lack of regeneration5.7: Conclusions5.8: Acknowledgements5.9: References6.0: Coppice silviculture: from the Mesolithic to the 21st century6.1: Introduction6.2: The physiological and evolutionary significance of coppice6.3: Historic development of coppice silviculture6.4: The rise and fall of coppice as an industrial resource6.5: Surviving and neglected coppice in Europe: the extent of the forest estate6.6: Coppice silviculture6.6.1: Cutting methods6.6.2: Time of cutting6.7: Conversion to high forest6.7.1: Coppice versus high forest yields6.8: Reinstating coppice management6.9: Future drivers of change6.10: References7.0: High forest management and the rise of even-aged stands7.1: Introduction7.2: Changing from coppice to high forest systems7.3: The need for new administrative tools7.4: Silvicultural systems7.5: The rise of plantations7.6: Increased use of conifers and introduced species7.7: How forestry is changing7.8: Future high forest and natural forest structures7.9: References8.0: Close-to-nature forestry8.1: Introduction8.2: Roots and pre-requisites8.3: Developments in the 20th century8.4: Ecological implications8.5: Conclusion8.6: References9.0: The impact of hunting on European woodland from medieval to modern9.1: Introduction9.2: Early impacts of hunting9.3: Meat or merit?9.4: Medieval hunting reserves9.5: Early modern hunting parks in Europe9.6: Hunting and the wider landscape9.7: Modern hunting9.7.1: The influence of driven pheasant shoots on British woodland9.7.2: The influence of modern hunting enclosures on Spanish woodland9.8: Conclusion9.9: ReferencesPART 3: How plants and animals have responded to the changing woodland and forest cover.10.0: The flora and fauna of coppice woods: winners and losers of active management or neglect10.1: Introduction10.2: The diversity of coppice10.2.1: Plants10.2.2: Birds10.2.3: Invertebrates10.2.4: Deadwood and associated species10.2.5: Mammals10.3: Impacts of deer browsing on flora and fauna in coppice10.4: Conservation strategies10.5: Short Rotation Coppice10.6: Conclusion10.7: References11.0: The importance of veteran trees for saproxylic insects11.1: Introduction11.2: What are saproxylic species11.3: Veteran trees in past and present landscapes11.4: Important structures and associated species in old trees11.4.1: Microhabitat diversity11.4.2: Tree cavities and their invertebrates11.4.3: Other microhabitats11.5: Effects of environmental factors on the invertebrate fauna11.5.1: Effects of tree characteristics on species assemblages11.5.2: Effects of surrounding landscape on species assemblages11.5.3: Catering for the needs of the adult as well as the larvae11.5.4: Survey methods11.6: Current situation in Europe11.7: How to preserve the specialized saproxylic species?11.7.1: Management for increasing habitat amount and quality11.7.2: Management for securing spatio-temporal continuity11.8: Future prospects11.9: References12.0: The changing fortunes of woodland birds in temperate Europe12.1: Introduction12.2: The birds of the early Holocene12.3: The birds of the wildwood: alternative models of forest dynamics12.3.1: Largely closed forest – ‘closed canopy’ scenario12.3.2: Open mosaic landscape – ‘wood pasture’ scenario12.3.3: Forest-dominated, but more varied – ‘closed but varied’ scenario12.4: Fragmentation of the wildwood12.5: Effects of the historical emergence of management12.6: The age of managed pasture woods and coppice12.7: The shift towards high forest12.8: Woodland birds today12.8.1: Population trends12.8.2: Influences of agriculture12.8.3: Forestry intensification12.8.4: Birds and afforestation12.9: Recent trends12.10: Conclusions12.11: References13.0: Evolution and changes in the understorey of deciduous forests: lagging behind drivers of change13.1: Introduction13.2: Background13.3: What sorts of plants occur in forests?13.4: Comparing ancient and recent forests13.5: Colonization of new forests13.6: Dispersal and recruitment limitation13.7: Changing ancient forests13.7.1: Management effects13.7.2: Effects of environmental changes13.7.3: Effects of grazing13.7.4: Effects of invasive non-native species13.8: Conserving and expanding forests: does it work?13.9: References14.0: Gains and losses in the European mammal fauna14.1: Introduction14.2: Aurochs14.3: The carnivores14.3.1: Wolf14.3.2: Brown bear14.3.3: Lynx14.4: The Beaver14.5: A species that has done too well14.6: The decline and rise of wild boar and deer14.6.1: Wild boar14.6.2: Deer14.7: Conclusion14.8: References15.0: The curious case of the even-aged plantation: wretched, funereal or misunderstood?15.1: Introduction15.2: What is an even-aged plantation?15.3: A brief historical overview of Atlantic spruce forests15.3.1: The dominance of Sitka spruce15.3.2: Breaking up the conifer blanket15.4: Species composition of spruce plantations15.5: Ecological implications of stand dynamics15.5.1: Precursors - the creation of woodland through afforestation (Stage 0)15.5.2: Stand initiation (Stage 1)15.5.3: The impact of stand development – canopy closure and mortality (Stages 2 and 3)15.5.4: Prolonging the rotation and developing multiple storeys (Stage 4)15.5.5: Resetting the woodland through disturbance15.6: Forest design15.7: The landscape setting15.8: Where next?15.9: Conclusions15.10: ReferencesPART 4: A variety of woodland histories.16.0: Historical ecology in modern conservation in Italy16.1: Introduction16.2: Background16.3: The spread of an historical ecological approach in European conservation thinking16.3.1: Forestry versus Woodmanship16.3.2: Woodland or land-bearing-trees16.3.3: The need for an inter-disciplinary approach16.3.4: The role of historical ecology16.4: Integrating Historical and Local Knowledge into Management Strategies16.4.1: An introduction to the case studies16.4.2: Trees and Woodlands Producing Leaf Fodder16.4.3: Trees, woodland and soil fertility16.4.4: The collection of litter16.4.5: Trees invading bogs: an experiment in applied historical ecology16.5: Conclusion16.6: References17.0: Bialowieza Primeval Forest: a 2000-year interplay of environmental and cultural forces in Europe’s best preserved temperate woodland17.1: Introduction17.2: Previous studies17.3: A new palaeo-ecological record for Bialowieza Primeval Forest17.3.1: Methods17.3.2: Results17.4: Archaeological evidence17.5: Archival studies17.5.1: Royal forest of Polish kings17.5.2: Under Russian rule17.5.3: World War I to the present17.5.4: Changes in land use extent and character17.6: Dendro-chronological analyses of fire dynamics17.7: Interplay of natural and cultural forces17.7.1: The Iron Age17.7.2: The Migration Period, mediaeval and early modern times17.7.3: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries17.7.4: The nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries17.7.5: The recent decades17.8: The role of large herbivores in shaping BNP17.9: Conclusions17.10: Acknowledgements17.11: References18.0: Woodland history in the British Isles - an interaction of environmental and cultural forces.18.1: Introduction18.2: Outline of British woodland history18.3: Historical stages and processes of change18.4: Regions18.4.1: Pre-Neolithic wildwood18.4.2: Exploited wildwood18.4.3: Traditional woodland management18.4.4: Parks, Forests and wooded commons18.4.5: Improved traditional management18.4.6: Plantations18.4.7: Revival and restoration of native woodland18.5: Some consequences of differences in regional history18.6: References19.0: Forest management and species composition: an historical approach in Lorraine, France19.1: Introduction19.2: The study of forest history in France19.3: Historical forest uses and their consequences on forest management19.4: The making of the technical and legislative framework19.5: The consequences of forestry policies on forest composition in woodlands of Lorraine19.6: The modern forest - conclusion19.7: References20.0: Barriers and bridges for sustainable forest management: the role of landscape history in Swedish Bergslagen20.1: Introduction20.2: The European scale20.3: The regional scale20.4: Bergslagen – an introduction20.5: Forests, forest ownership and land use dynamics20.6: Barriers to sustainability20.6.1: Ecological sustainability20.6.2: Economic sustainability20. 6.3: Social and cultural sustainability20.7: Bridges towards sustainable forest management20.8: Discussion20.8.1: From forest history to history of forest landscapes20.8.2: Landscapes with different histories: using space for time substitution20.9: ReferencesPART 5: Lessons from the past for the future?21.0: The development of forest conservation in Europe21.1: Introduction21.2: Why conserve forests?21.2.1: As a spiritual place21.2.2: As a place for the Chase21.2.3: As a source of raw materials and a barrier against the elements21.2.4: For a new form of communing with the forests21.3: Type and extent of Protected Forest Areas21.4: Selection of protected areas21.5: Developing a European perspective21.6: Forest protection and conservation as part of land-use practice.21.7: Rewilding and forest conservation21.8: From the past to the future21.8.1: Conservation for people?21.8.2: What sorts of woods and forests will be conserved in future?21.9: References22.0: The UK’s Ancient Woodland Inventory and its Use22.1: Introduction22.2: Developing the ancient woodland concept22.3: The creation of the ancient woodland inventory22.4: Developing and using the inventories22.4.1: England: the ‘Red Queen’ dilemma22.4.2: Wales22.4.3: Scotland22.4.4: Northern Ireland22.5: Testing the limits of the English inventories22.5.1: Uncertain evidence22.5.2: What is a wood?22.5.3: How small can an ancient wood be?22.6: Conclusion22.7: References23.0: Tree and forest pests and diseases: learning from the past to prepare for the future23.1: Introduction23.2: Background23.2.1: Dutch Elm Disease, Ramorum blight and Ash Dieback23.3: The Dutch Elm Disease outbreak23.4: ‘Sudden Oak Death’ (ramorum blight) in the UK23.5: A landscape without ash?23.6: The lessons from history23.7: References24.0: Reflections24.1: Introduction24.2: Ways of exploring and understanding woodland histories24.3: Issues for the future historian24.4: From cultural landscapes back to wildwood?24.5: Europe’s woods and forests: the future?
