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Applied ecologyFebruary 2002Seed Dispersal and Frugivory
Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
by Edited by Douglas J Levey, Wesley R Silva, Mauro Galetti
Until recently, the production of fruits by plants, their consumption by animals (frugivory) and the relevance of these to seed dispersal have attracted less attention than topics such as pollination biology. However, since the 1970s they have started to gain more prominence and now give rise to more research funding, seminal papers and international symposiums. This book contains chapters adapted from the Third International Symposium-Workshop on Frugivores and Seed Dispersal held in August 2000 in Rio Quente, Brazil.
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January 2021Practical R for Biologists
An Introduction
by Donald Quicke, Buntika A Butcher, Rachel Kruft Welton
R is a freely available, open-source statistical programming environment which provides powerful statistical analysis tools and graphics outputs. R is now used by a very wide range of people; biologists (the primary audience of this book), but also all other scientists and engineers, economists, market researchers and medical professionals. R users with expertise are constantly adding new associated packages, and the range already available is immense.This text works through a set of studies that collectively represent almost all the R operations that biology students need in order to analyse their own data. The material is designed to serve students from first year undergraduates through to those beginning post graduate levels. Chapters are organized around topics such as graphing, classical statistical tests, statistical modelling, mapping, and text parsing. Examples are based on real scientific studies, and each one covers the use of more R functions than those simply necessary to get a p-value or plot.The book walks the reader through the data analysis process, starting with very simple plots, and continuing through more complex analyses and programming. It shows how to deal with issues such as error messages that can be confronting for beginners, in order to set students up for a successful scientific career using R.Collectively the authors have a vast amount of teaching experience which they apply here to make the passage into R programming as gentle and easy as possible, whilst guiding the reader to tackle quite complicated programming. Table of contents 1: How to Use this Book 2: Installing and Running R 3: Very Basic R Syntax 4: First Simple Programs and Graphics 5: The Dataframe Concept 6: Plotting Biological Data in Various Ways 7: The Grammar of Graphics Family of Packages 8: Sets and Venn diagrams 9: Statistics: Choosing the Right Test 10: Commonly Used Measures and Statistical Tests 11: Regression and Correlation Analyses 12: Count Data as Response Variable 13: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 14: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) 15: More Generalised Linear Modelling 16: Monte Carlo Tests and Randomisation 17: Principal Components Analysis 18: Species Abundance, Accumulation and Diversity Data 19: Survivorship 20: Dates and Julian Dates 21: Mapping and Parsing Text Input for Data 22: More on Manipulating Text 23: Phylogenies and Trees 24: Working with DNA Sequences and other character data 25: Spacing in Two Dimensions 26: Population Modelling Including Spatially Explicit Models 27: More on “apply” Family of Functions – Avoid Loops to get More Speed 28: Food webs and simple graphics 29: Adding Photographs 30: Standard Distributions in R 31: Reading and Writing Data to and from Files
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May 1991Intentionalität
Eine Abhandlung zur Philosophie des Geistes
by Harvey P. Gavagai, John R. Searle
Nach seinen sprachphilosophischen Arbeiten ('Sprechakte', stw 458; 'Ausdruck und Bedeutung', stw 349) hat John R. Searle mit 'Intentionalität' eine Untersuchung zu einem Kernstück der Philosophie des Geistes vorgelegt, die in einem engen thematischen Zusammenhang mit den früheren Arbeiten steht. Intentionalität ist nach Searles Auffassung die Basis sprachlicher Bedeutung. In seiner Theorie der Intentionalität geht es um die begrifflichen Eigenschaften intentionaler Zustände (auf die Frage nach ihrem ontologischen Status geht er ausführlicher ein in 'Geist, Hirn und Wissenschaft', stw 591). Zwei Aspekte stehen dabei im Vordergrund der Untersuchung: die Logik der Repräsentation und der Kausalität intentionaler Zustände. Doch Searle entwickelt in dieser Arbeit nicht nur eine Theorie der Intentionalität und des Zusammenhangs zwischen sprachlichem und geistigem Inhalt. In einem vornehmlich kritischen Teil setzt er sich ausführlich mit konkurrierenden Auffassungen aus dem Bereich der analytischen Philosophie auseinander, insbesondere mit derzeit sehr einflußreichen 'nicht-deskriptivistischen' Theorien des Bezugs, wie sie von S. Kripke, H. Putnam, K. Donnellan, T. Burge und D. Kaplan vertreten und angeregt wurden.
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April 2023J. R. R. Tolkien
Little People, Big Dreams. Deutsche Ausgabe | Kinderbuch ab 4 Jahre
by María Isabel Sánchez Vegara, Aaron Cushley, Silke Kleemann
Schon in der Schule hatte er ein Faible für alte Sprachen. Er lernte nicht nur Latein und Griechisch, sondern auch Alt- und Mittelenglisch. Und er malte Karten, auf denen er die Welt des Mittelalters wieder zum Leben erweckte. Später erfand der Professor für Sprachwissenschaft für seine Kinder fantastische Geschichten. Und so entstand die Welt der Hobbits, Elben, Zwerge und Zauberer - und die Saga vom »Herrn der Ringe«. Das Buch und seine Verfilmungen schlagen bis heute ein Millionenpublikum in Bann. Little People, Big Dreams erzählt von den beeindruckenden Lebensgeschichten großer Menschen: Jede dieser Persönlichkeiten, ob Philosophin, Forscherin oder Sportler, hat Unvorstellbares erreicht. Dabei begann alles, als sie noch klein waren: mit großen Träumen.
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Biography & True StoriesNovember 2024Walking in the dark
James Baldwin, my father and I
by Douglas Field
A moving exploration of the life and work of the celebrated American writer, blending biography and memoir with literary criticism. Since James Baldwin's death in 1987, his writing - including The Fire Next Time, one of the manifestoes of the Civil Rights Movement, and Giovanni's Room, a pioneering work of gay fiction - has only grown in relevance. Douglas Field was introduced to Baldwin's essays and novels by his father, who witnessed the writer's debate with William F. Buckley at Cambridge University in 1965. In Walking in the dark, he embarks on a journey to unravel his life-long fascination and to understand why Baldwin continues to enthral us decades after his death. Tracing Baldwin's footsteps in France, the US and Switzerland, and digging into archives, Field paints an intimate portrait of the writer's life and influence. At the same time, he offers a poignant account of coming to terms with his father's Alzheimer's disease. Interweaving Baldwin's writings on family, illness, memory and place, Walking in the dark is an eloquent testament to the enduring power of great literature to illuminate our paths.
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Literature & Literary StudiesDecember 2023Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 99/2
by Stephen Mossman, Cordelia Warr
The John Rylands Library houses one of the finest collections of rare books, manuscripts and archives in the world. The collections span five millennia and cover a wide range of subjects, including art and archaeology; economic, social, political, religious and military history; literature, drama and music; science and medicine; theology and philosophy; travel and exploration. For over a century, the Bulletin of the John Rylands Library has published research that complements the Library's special collections. The editors invite the submission of articles in these fields and welcome discussion of in-progress projects.
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Parasitology (non-medical)January 1998Potato Cyst Nematodes
Biology, Distribution and Control
by Edited by R J Marks, Bill B Brodie
The two closely related species of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) and Globodera pallida Stone have a worldwide distribution. Both are internationally recognized plant quarantine organisms of actual or potential major economic importance wherever potatoes are grown or traded. They occur in large soil masses and also adhere to potato tubers as microscopic cysts, which represent a complex of morphologically identical, but behaviourally different virulence groups, or pathotypes. This presents major problems for their detection, identification and management.This book is a synthesis of current practical knowledge and underpinning scientific research on PCN globally. It is arranged in five sections, comprising nineteen chapters by leading practitioners and research nematologists, in which the biology, detection, identification and control options (including plant resistance) for PCN are examined. In addition, its worldwide status is considered, including South America, where PCN co-evolved with its potato host. Essential information is provided for professionals and advanced students of plant nematology and crop protection.
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Forestry & related industriesJuly 1998Heterobasidion annosum
Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control
by Edited by Steven Woodward, J Stenlid, R Karjalainen, A Hüttermann
The fungus Heterobasidion annosum is, in economic terms, the most important causal agent of disease and of yield loss in coniferous trees in northern temperate regions. This is the first book which brings together and summarises the considerable amount of knowledge which has been gathered about all aspects of this disease. It has been prepared and published with support from the European Union, under the Agriculture and Agro- Industrial Research (AAIR) programme. Drawing on over 2,000 research papers and books published from the early nineteenth century to the present day, the book covers topics which include the history, detection, biology, taxonomy and distribution of H. annosum. It provides the latest information on infection, host resistance, the biochemistry of the host-parasite interaction, molecular and genetic regulation of the host response and methods of control. It concludes with a series of case studies from Europe and North America. This book is an indispensable source of information for all those involved in the management of coniferous forests and plantations wishing to reduce the impact of this disease on yields. It should also become the accepted text for students of forestry and plant pathology studying H. annosum, and an invaluable reference manual for scientists researching this, and other fungal tree diseases.
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Agricultural engineering & machineryApril 1997Milk Composition, Production and Biotechnology
by Edited by Robert A S Welch, Donald J W Burns, Stephen R Davis, A I Popay, Colin G Prosser
Major changes have recently taken place in the value attached to components of milk. Although approximately half the energy in milk is contained in fat, fat is rapidly decreasing in value relative to protein. This has come about because of the increased availability of competitively-priced, plant-derived edible oils and because of the perceived health problems associated with animal fat in the human diet. Such changes have major implications for the dairy sector, particularly in developed countries. Against this background, this book presents a timely review of developments in milk production and consumption, of changes in milk component values, and of the opportunities that biotechnology provides to alter the composition of and add value to milk on the farm. The subject coverage is very broad, ranging from nutritional aspects of pastures and forages, to rumen microbiology, genetics and reproductive technologies, milk biochemistry and environmental implications. It is based on a conference held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 1996 and sponsored by the OECD and AgResearch. Contributors include leading research workers from North America, Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It provides an invaluable overview of the subject, suitable as a reference book for advanced students, researchers and advisers in dairy science as well as related disciplines such as grassland, nutritional and food sciences.
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Animal physiologyNovember 1998Grass for Dairy Cattle
by Edited by Jerome H Cherney, Debbie J R Cherney
With the current interest in the environmental and economic sustainability of dairy farming, grass forage crops have emerged as a potential solution to some of the nutrient management problems now encountered on intensively managed dairy farms. The expansion and reintegration of grass-based systems into the mainstream of dairying systems will require a major paradigm shift involving economic, social and ecological, as well as biological factors.This book examines the role of grass in milk production in sustainable agricultural ecosystems. It provides a current summary of the role of grass in dairy cattle systems, including the breeding, management, storage, feeding and economics of grass for both lactating and dry dairy cows. Written by leading specialists from Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North and South America, this is an essential reference source for researchers, dairy industry professionals and advanced students of forage and dairy cattle nutrition.
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September 1986»Seien Sie nicht zu undankbar, mir zu antworten«. Bernard Shaw – Lord Alfred Douglas. Briefwechsel
by George Bernard Shaw, Lord Alfred Douglas, Mary Hyde, Ursula Michels-Wenz
George Bernard Shaw wurde am 26. Juli 1856 als Sohn eines Beamten in Dublin geboren. 1876 zog er nach London, wo er sich als einer der führenden Musik- und Theaterkritiker etablieren konnte. Shaw betätigte sich auch auf politischer Bühne und wurde u.a. Mitglied der Fabian Society. Seine schriftstellerische Laufbahn begann er mit fünf erfolglosen Romanen, wandte sich dann dem Schreiben von Dramen – darunter vielen Komödien – zu, die sich durch die Verbindung von Ironie, Satire und Kritik an gesellschaftlichen und politischen Mißständen auszeichnen. Shaws Gesamtwerk umfaßt über 60 Dramen. 1925 wurde er mit dem Literaturnobelpreis ausgezeichnet. Er starb am 2. November 1950 in Ayot Saint Lawrence.
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EconomicsSeptember 1997Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd Edition
by Edited by Christopher Ritson, David R Harvey
The first edition of this book, published in 1991 with the title The Common Agricultural Policy and the World Economy, was well received as a timely analysis of this fast-moving but important subject. However, several major developments, such as general CAP reform, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), expansion of the European Union, and relationships with eastern Europe, have justified the need for a new edition. As a result, the book has been thoroughly updated, with some completely new chapters added and others replaced. It has also be rewritten with a greater emphasis on the needs of students for a well-integrated, comprehensive textbook.
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October 1983Das kleine Buch der Vögel und Nester
by Fritz Kredel, Fritz Kredel, J. Kull, H. R. Schinz, W. Hartmann, Heinz Graupner
Erstmals erschien der vorliegende Band 1934. Die von W. Hartmann und J. Kull stammenden illuminierten Kupfer wurden der 1819 in Zürich erschienenen »Beschreibung und Abbildung der künstlichen Nester und Eier der Vögel, welche in der Schweiz, in Deutschland und in den angränzenden Ländern brüten« von H. R. Schinz entnommen.Das sehr schöne kleine Buch zeigt den jeweiligen Vogel bei seinem kunstvollen Nestbau: Zaunkönig, Rotkehlchen, Weidenlaubsänger, Schwanzmeise, Goldhähnchen, Samtköpfchen, Gartengrasmücke, Sumpfrohrsänger und viele mehr. So vielfältig die Vogelgestalten, so verschiedenartig sind auch die Formen der Nester, die gebaut und hier vorgezeigt werden. »Der Vogel baut sein Nest nicht bewußt nach dem Muster seiner eigenen Wiege oder nach Anleitungen seiner Artgenossen. Brüten wir künstlich einen Vogel aus und ziehen ihn so auf, daß er niemals ein Vogelnest zu sehen bekommt, so wird er doch, wenn seine Zeit naht, eine Brutstätte bauen, die sich in nichts von denen seiner Sippe unterscheidet. Die größten Nestbaukünstler finden wir unter unseren Singvögeln. Sie zeigen uns die höchste Meisterschaft tierischer Baukunst überhaupt. Es ist so, als wolle die Natur ihre Geschöpfe noch übertreffen.«
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Agriculture & related industriesDecember 1996Quarantine Pests for Europe
by Mark Holderness, Edited by D G McNamara, I M Smith, Peter R Scott.
Data sheets on quarantine pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. This book is the result of collaboration between EPPO and CAB INTERNATIONAL, sponsored by the Commission of the European Union, to prepare data sheets on pests of plants of quarantine significance for Europe and the Mediterranean region. Coverage extends to insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and parasitic plants. It includes organisms that are found outside Europe and the Mediterranean that present a risk to this region, as well as those that are present but have restricted distribution and are subject to phytosanitary controls. The format of the FAO model data sheet is followed, using standard headings: identity, hosts, geographical distribution, biology, detection and identification, means of movement and dispersal, pest significance (including economic impact, control and phytosanitary risk), phytosanitary measures, and bibliography. The first edition of this book was published in December 1992 and consisted of 188 data sheets, some covering groups of similar organisms. During the intervening four years pests have been added to the EU and EPPO lists and changes have occurred in host range, geographical distribution, taxonomy and pest status of many of the organisms described. All data sheets have therefore been revised, some data sheets covering groups of similar organisms have been split up and 56 new sheets added, resulting in a total of 300 data sheets. The second edition will continue therefore to represent a definitive reference source, not only for those with specific interests in plant quarantine, but also for all concerned with pest management.
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Fertilizers & manuresOctober 2006Molecular Approaches to Soil, Rhizosphere and Plant Microorganism Analysis
by Edited by J E Cooper, J R Rao
There have been major developments in the field of plant-microbe interactions in recent years, due to newly developed techniques and the availability of genomic information. Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions explores these new discoveries, focusing primarily on the mechanisms controlling plant disease resistance, the cross-talk among the pathways involved and the strategies used by the pathogens to suppress these defences. By exploring developments in plant defences, pathogen's counter-defences and mutually beneficial plant-microbe interactions, this book will be useful for researchers and students in plant pathology and plant biology-related areas.
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January 2018Plant Diversity, Second Edition
by J. Phil Gibson and Terri R. Gibson, Series Editor: William G. Hopkins
Plants feed us, clothe us, provide us with the oxygen we breathe, and buffer our environment against change. In short, plants make life possible. Yet scientists estimate that more than 10 percent of the world's approximately 300,000 plant species are at risk of extinction, and huge swaths of tropical forests and other plant communities are being decimated daily. Plant Diversity, Second Edition surveys the world's plant diversity, from green algae through flowering plants, and presents the fascinating natural history and diversity of green plants in a taxonomic and evolutionary context. This title also asks and answers the questions: Why are there so many plant species in the world? And how can so many plants grow together in a given patch of prairie, forest, or wetland? Through the study of plant diversity, students will gain an appreciation of the natural world far beyond the classroom and the study of botany, to an understanding of how our actions impact the world around us. Plant Diversity, Second Edition is suitable as a supplementary text for a biology course or as recreational reading for the interested student.
