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      • Genetics (non-medical)
        February 1984

        Genetic Engineering of Plants

        Agricultural Research Opportunities and Policy Concerns

        by National Research Council

        "The book . . . is, in fact, a short text on the many practical problems . . . associated with translating the explosion in basic biotechnological research into the next Green Revolution," explains Economic Botany. The book is "a concise and accurate narrative, that also manages to be interesting and personal . . . a splendid little book." Biotechnology states, "Because of the clarity with which it is written, this thin volume makes a major contribution to improving public understanding of genetic engineering's potential for enlarging the world's food supply . . . and can be profitably read by practically anyone interested in application of molecular biology to improvement of productivity in agriculture."

      • Science funding & policy
        February 1984

        Cutting Edge Technologies

        by National Academy of Engineering

        Experts in computers, biotechnology, structural materials, and transportation provide a concise introduction to the promising technologies in these four exciting fields that affect all of society. Each section begins with a brief overview of the field, followed by more detailed papers describing specific technological advances, their current and projected applications, and the obstacles that must be overcome to ensure future progress.

      • Astronomy, space & time
        January 1982

        Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980's, Volume 1

        Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee

        by Astronomy Survey Committee, National Research Council

      • Science funding & policy
        January 1991

        Finding Common Ground

        U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment, Commissioned Papers

        by Panel on the Future Design and Implementation of U.S. National Security Export Controls, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

      • Biology, life sciences
        January 1992

        Neem

        A Tree for Solving Global Problems

        by Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Board of Science and Technology for International Development, National Research Council

        The neem tree, one of the most promising of all plants, may eventually benefit every person on the planet. Probably no other plant yields as many varied products or has as many exploitable by-products. Indeed, as foreseen by some scientists, this tree may usher in a new era in pest control; provide millions with inexpensive medicines; cut the rate of population growth; and perhaps even reduce erosion, deforestation, and the excessive temperature of an overheated globe. On the other hand, although the enthusiasm may be justified, it is largely founded on exploratory investigations and empirical and anecdotal evidence. The purpose of this book is to marshal the various facts about this little-known species, to help illuminate its future promise, and to speed realization of its potential.

      • Science funding & policy
        January 1992

        Science and Technology Leadership in American Government

        Ensuring the Best Presidential Appointments

        by Panel on Presidentially Appointed Scientists and Engineers, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine

        The government of the United States today is deeply involved in activities that have significant scientific and technical (S & T) components that are vitally important for economic productivity and technological competitiveness, national security, an improved environment, better health, and many other purposes. Leadership of the government's role in S & T is exercised by fewer than 100 positions, most of them presidentially appointed and Senate confirmed. Yet there is considerable evidence of increasing difficulty in filling and keeping filled these seemingly prestigious positions. This book by a distinguished panel composed mostly of former presidential appointees delves into the reasons these federal S & T-related positions are vacant, identifies the serious consequences, and recommends a series of changes to reduce the hurdles and disincentives posed by the appointment and confirmation process and to make the positions more attractive to top candidates.

      • Science funding & policy
        January 1992

        Future National Research Policies Within the Industrialized Nations

        Report of a Symposium

        by National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine

        This book is a summary and proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable and the National Science Foundation. It includes presentations by senior government science policy officials and leading scientists who are directly involved in the research and higher education policy formulation processes in various countries. Included are their assessments of current challenges to their national research systems, descriptions of national strategies for meeting these challenges, and a discussion of options for national research systems in the twenty-first century.

      • Science funding & policy
        January 1992

        Fateful Choices

        The Future of the U.S. Academic Research Enterprise

        by Working Group on the Academic Research Enterprise, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine

        This volume describes a vision for the future of U.S. academic research and the near-term actions and policies required to maintain the quality of academic research in the United States. It also describes longer-term strategic considerations for the enterprise in the next century, concluding with a discussion of new approaches to decision making within the academic research enterprise.

      • Biology, life sciences
        January 1992

        U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Biotechnology

        Challenges for the 1990s

        by Committee on Japan, National Research Council

        U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Biotechnology provides an assessment of the extent and nature of the rapidly expanding linkages between the United States and Japan in biotechnology. Through analysis of aggregate data and case studies, the book assesses the implications of these linkages for the competitiveness of the U.S. biotechnology industry and provides concrete suggestions on what can be done to ensure that the linkages bring benefits to the United States.

      • Biology, life sciences
        January 1992

        Plant Biology Research and Training for the 21st Century

        by Committee on Examination of Plant Science Research Programs in the UnitedStates, National Research Council

        Faster progress in plant biology research could benefit agriculture, the environment, medicine, and our understanding of basic biological processes. This book clearly and directly describes the impediments to greater achievements in plant science and suggests solutions. It presents an innovative plan that would create a comprehensive federal system of management and financial support for plant biology research and training.

      • Biology, life sciences
        January 1992

        Putting Biotechnology to Work

        Bioprocess Engineering

        by Committee on Bioprocess Engineering, National Research Council

        The ability of the United States to sustain a dominant global position in biotechnology lies in maintaining its primacy in basic life-science research and developing a strong resource base for bioprocess engineering and bioproduct manufacturing. This book examines the status of bioprocessing and biotechnology in the United States; current bioprocess technology, products, and opportunities; and challenges of the future and what must be done to meet those challenges. It gives recommendations for action to provide suitable incentives to establish a national program in bioprocess-engineering research, development, education, and technology transfer.

      • Genetics (non-medical)
        January 1994

        Assessing Genetic Risks

        Implications for Health and Social Policy

        by Lori B. Andrews, Jane E. Fullarton, Neil A. Holtzman, and Arno G. Motulsky, Editors; Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks, Institute of Medicine

        Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decisionmaking, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

      • Physics
        January 1993

        Issues in Risk Assessment

        by Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology, National Research Council

        The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume. The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures. The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

      • Science: general issues
        January 1993

        Responsible Science, Volume II

        Background Papers and Resource Documents

        by Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine

        Volume II of Responsible Science includes background papers and selected institutional reports, policies, and procedures that were used to develop Volume I. Topics discussed include traditions of mentorship in science; data handling practices in the biological sciences; academic policies and standards governing the conduct of research practices; congressional interest in issues of misconduct and integrity in science; the regulatory experience of human subjects research; and the roles of scientific and engineering societies in fostering research integrity. The panel also considers numerous institutional policy statements adopted by research universities and professional societies that address different aspects of misconduct or integrity in science. These statements have been selected to convey the diverse approaches for addressing such matters within research institutions.

      • Science funding & policy
        February 1993

        National Issues in Science and Technology 1993

        by National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, National Research Council

        This volume consists of four "white papers," prepared for the Clinton administration as it took office, on important national policy issues in which science and technology play a central role. Topics covered are science and technology leadership, climate change policy, technology policy and industrial innovation, and health care reform. Also included are brief summaries of ten potentially high impact reports issued by various committees of the National Research Council.

      • Chemistry
        January 1993

        National Collaboratories

        Applying Information Technology for Scientific Research

        by Committee Toward a National Collaboratory: Establishing the User-Developer Partnership, National Research Council

        Computing and communications are becoming essential tools of science. Together, they make possible new kinds and degrees of collaboration. This book addresses technical, scientific, and social aspects of fostering scientific collaboration using information technology. It explores issues in molecular biology, oceanography, and space physics, and derives recommendations for a partnership between scientists and technologists to develop better collaboration technology to support science.

      • Science & Mathematics
        January 1994

        A Positron Named Priscilla

        Scientific Discovery at the Frontier

        by Marcia F. Bartusiak, Barbara Burke, Andrew Chaikin, Addison Greenwood, T.A. Heppenheimer, Michelle Hoffman, David Holzman, Elizabeth J. Maggio, and Anne Simon Moffat for the National Academy of Sciences

        A Positron Named Priscilla is a book of wonder, offering a fascinating, readable overview of cutting-edge investigations by many of today's leading young scientists. Written for anyone who loves science, this volume reports on some of the most exciting recent discoveries and advances in fields from astronomy to molecular biology. This new book is from one of the world's most prestigious scientific institutions, the National Academy of Sciences. The Academy provides an annual forum for the brightest young investigators to exchange ideas across disciplines--an exchange that was the spark for A Positron Named Priscilla. Each chapter is authored by a popular science writer who offers helpful historical perspectives, clear and well-illustrated explanations of current scientific thinking, and previews of future developments. The scope of topics and breadth of discussion ensure interest at all levels. Topics include Planetary science and the compelling glimpse through the clouded atmosphere of Venus afforded by the spacecraft Magellan. Astrophysics and the emergence of helioseismology, a new field that allows researchers to probe the interior workings of the sun. Biology and what we have learned about DNA in the 40 years since its discovery; our current understanding of protein molecules, the "building blocks" of living systems; and the high-tech search for answers to the AIDS epidemic. Physics and our new-found ability to move and manipulate individual atoms on a surface. The book also tells the remarkable story of "buckyballs," or buckminsterfullerenes, a form of carbon discovered only a few years ago, that have the potential to be used in a variety of important applications, from superconductivity to nanotechnology. Mathematics and the rise of "wavelet" theory, and how mathematicians are applying it in sometimes startling ways, from assisting the FBI with fingerprint storage to coaxing the secrets from a battered recording of Brahms playing the piano. Geosciences and the search for "clocks in the earth" to make life-saving earthquake predictions. A Positron Named Priscilla is a "must" read for anyone who wants to keep up with a broad range of scientific endeavor.

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