Las Claves de la prótesis fija en cerámica
by Ernest Mallat / Juan Cadafalch / Javier de Miguel
Prosthetic treatments have undergone considerable evolution in recent years, mainly through the use of materials. Not only has the consolidation of materials such as lithium disilicate or zirconium oxide been confirmed, but new materials, either ceramic or hybrid, have also appeared to try to compete with them. The constant evolution in this field forces us to update and describe the precise indications of each one of them based on aesthetics and mechanical properties, as well as all the details related to their clinical manipulation, all in order to to be able to handle these materials in a predictable way in our clinical practice. On the other hand, the presence in our consultations of patients with large wear is becoming more frequent, either only at the level of the anterior teeth or also at the level of the posterior teeth. In these patients there are a series of decisions that must be made that are key to the success of our treatment, such as when to restore only the anterior teeth or when it will be convenient to increase the vertical dimension, what is the first step in planning treatment of worn cases, how we will gain space for the restorative material by palatine, when it will be necessary to resort to other disciplines to complement our treatment, what material will be the most suitable to restore functional areas or what type of restorations will be of choice (vestibular veneers, double veneers or crowns). On the other hand, despite the fact that aesthetics is important, function is not less important and it will be essential in cases of short clinical crowns that we must lengthen, provide a harmonious and effective anterior guide, although as a previous step it should be ruled out that it does not there is a constraint on the function envelope. Lastly, it is necessary to have a clear protocol for increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion, a protocol that describes in detail each of the steps sequentially to resolve the most demanding situations both aesthetically and functionally. This book provides an answer to all these questions while addressing other important aspects such as those related to the modeling of pontic spaces both in healed ridges and in post-extraction ridges or the cementing protocol of the different ceramic systems and hybrid materials. In addition, a chapter is dedicated to the treatment with porcelain veneers, another describes in depth the subject related to color and color diagnosis, another deals with photography from a very practical point of view and, finally, a chapter focuses on the digital flow, the present and future of prosthodontic procedures. Table of Contents: Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO CERAMICS Ceramic historyCeramic CompositionCeramic classificationClassification based on melting-firing temperatureClassification according to the chemical nature of the materialClassification according to the processing system or ceramic application techniqueClassification based on treatment before cementationClassification based on mechanical resistance Properties of ceramicsPorcelain fracture and reinforcement mechanismsBibliographyChapter 2. LITHIUM DISILICATE, ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND NEW CERAMICS. CERAMIC SYSTEM SELECTION PROTOCOL Lithium disilicateZirconium oxideStructureTypes of zirconium oxideZirconium oxide generationsProperty of zirconia partially stabilized with yttrium (Y-TZP)Special features in handling zirconium oxide New ceramics and hybrid ceramicsClinical protocol for selecting the type of ceramic restorationBibliographyChapter 3. DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL AND PLAN FOR THE TREATMENT OF AESTHETIC PROBLEMS First scenario: patient who does not show gingival margins when smilingSecond scenario. Patient showing gingival margins when smiling and levelThird scenario. Patient showing gingival margins when laughing and unevenBibliographyChapter 4. PILLAR TEETH PREPARATION PROTOCOL Abutment teeth preparation conditionsCarving sequenceMarginal preparationBibliographyChapter 5. PROVISIONAL PROSTHESIS: DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION AND MATERIALS Provisional fixed prosthesis requirementsDiagnostic function of the provisional fixed prosthesisMaterials for making the provisional prosthesisBibliographyChapter 6. SEQUENCE TO GET AESTHETIC PONTICS IN THE PREVIOUS SECTOR Design of the aesthetic ponticsSequence to achieve aesthetic ponticsModeling of the pontic space from extractionModeling an already healed ridge with sufficient gum thicknessModeling an already healed ridge with insufficient gum thickness or a slight loss of substanceResolution of cases when there is a clear loss of substance BibliographyChapter 7. IMPRESSION TAKING PROTOCOL Astringent substancesExposure of the preparation margins. Gingival retractionPrinting materials. Practical considerationsStandard trays and individual traysDisinfection of prints Particularities of taking impressions in prostheses on implantsBibliographyChapter 8. DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN ZIRCONIUM OXIDE FIXED PROSTHESIS ON TEETH AND IMPLANTS Design of the caps and structures in fixed prosthetics on teethCap thickness and connector dimensionsColor of the caps and structuresZirconium oxide palatal / occlusal facesMonolithic crowns of zirconium oxide and lithium disilicateDesign of the structures in fixed prostheses on implantsZirconium oxide abutments for fixed prosthetics on implantsBibliographyChapter 9. COLOR, COLOR DIAGNOSIS AND COLOR COMMUNICATION Basics of color science in porcelainOptical behavior of teethColor GuidesPreconditions for diagnosing colorTechniques for diagnosing colorLimitations of color guides and problems in color diagnosisNew technologies: spectrophotometersColor communication to the laboratoryBibliographyChapter 10. PORCELAIN SIDES Diagnosis and treatment planningIndications and contraindicationsFirst appointment, diagnostic wax-up and mock-up Choice of ceramic typeCarving teeth for porcelain veneersCarving of the vestibular faceCarving of the incisal edgeCarving of the proximal facesCarving of the cervical marginPreparation polishing Special features in carvingDiastema closureTeeth with previous fillingsTetracilin stains and other stainsPoorly positioned teethLower anterior teethVeneers in premolarsPalatine veneers Impression takingColor takeTemporary veneers Testing and bonding of veneersVeneers testPreparation of the different surfaces to adhereChoice of resin cementFinal details of cementing BibliographyChapter 11. PRACTICAL DENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY IntroductionUtilities of dental photography Basic conceptsOpeningSpeedExposition Advanced conceptsISO valueWhite balancePicture qualityCamera setting Types of camerasCompact camerasHybrid camerasReflex camera Dental photography equipmentAmateur teamProfessional teamEquipment comparison Camera accessoriesClinic accessoriesClinical photographyPractical principlesExtraoral photographyIntraoral photographyAesthetic photographyBasic edition BibliographyChapter 12. DIGITAL FLOW IN ORAL REHABILITATION IntroductionDigitization in dentistryInterviewDocumentationAnalysisCommunicationManufacturingCemented The digital flowPlanningRecord takingDesign (CAD)Processed (CAM)Finish Digital transformation in the dental officeSkyn-CorusClinical caseBibliographyChapter 13. PROTOCOL TO INCREASE THE VERTICAL DIMENSION IN CASES OF SEVERE WEAR Vertical dimension of occlusion, vertical dimension of rest and interocclusal free spaceBasics of increases in occlusion vertical dimensionBased on which parameters do we determine the new vertical dimension of occlusion?What are the consequences of increasing DV?Clinical Phases in Occlusion DV Increases: Steps for Predictably Increasing DVIncreases in the vertical dimension of occlusion with a removable partial dentureStability of the treatment to increase the vertical dimension of the occlusionBibliographyChapter 14. CEMENTING PROTOCOL FOR FULLY CERAMIC RESTORATIONS Evidence of zirconium oxide caps and structuresDental bonding. Dentin bondSpecial features of crown and bridge cementsMetal surface preparationsPreparation of composite surfacesPreparation of feldspathic porcelainsPreparation of lithium disilicate, new ceramics and hybrid ceramicsPreparation of polycrystalline porcelainsBibliography https://lisermed.com/tienda/protesis/claves-protesis-fija-ceramica/