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      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1990

        Essentials of Traditional Chinese Pediatrics

        by Cao Jimin / Su Xinming

        Essentials of Traditional Chinese Pediatrics systematically expound the basic knowledge of traditional Chinese pediatrics, and the differentiation of syndromes and treatment of children's diseases. Chinese herbal medicine is the main method of treatment. In order to enhance the therapeutic defects, acupuncture and Chinese massage therapy are also introduced according to actual conditions. This book consists of two parts, namely. 'Basic Knowledge of Traditional Chinese Pediatrics' and 'Treatment of Diseases.' There is an appendix in which Chinese massage therapy for children is introduced. An index of the selected recipes and patent medicine is arranged at the end of the book. Pediatricians of both Chinese and Western medicine, and acupuncture and massage practitioners will find this book a highly useful reference text.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1985

        Preventing Low Birthweight

        by Committee to Study the Prevention of Low Birthweight, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

        Despite recent declines in infant mortality, the rates of low birthweight deliveries in the United States continue to be high. Part I of this volume defines the significance of the problems, presents current data on risk factors and etiology, and reviews recent state and national trends in the incidence of low birthweight among various groups. Part II describes the preventive approaches found most desirable and considers their costs. Research needs are discussed throughout the volume.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1985

        Preventing Low Birthweight

        Summary

        by Committee to Study the Prevention of Low Birthweight; Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

        Written for a broad audience, including program administrators, policymakers, teachers, students, and health care professionals and their patients--anyone with an interest in preventing low birthweight--this summary is a condensation of the full report, Preventing Low Birthweight. It clearly and concisely covers most of the topics discussed in the comprehensive volume. 2-9 copies, $4.00 each; 10 or more copies, $2.50 each (no other discounts apply).

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1986

        What Is America Eating?

        Proceedings of a Symposium

        by Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council

        For its annual symposium in 1984, the Food and Nutrition Board posed the key nutritional question: "What is America eating?" This resultant volume explains dietary habits, examines the impact of fast-food proliferation and the changing role of women as it affects dietary behavior, and analyzes the nutritional consequences of national dietary trends. Speakers focused on what major food consumption surveys and large-scale studies have demonstrated, including factors that shape eating patterns, eating trends such as snacking and food variety, nutrition policy and its effects on diet, and the overall nutritional status of the U.S. population.

      • Paediatric medicine
        February 1988

        Prenatal Care

        Reaching Mothers, Reaching Infants

        by Committee to Study Outreach for Prenatal Care, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

        Prenatal care programs have proven effective in improving birth outcomes and preventing low birthweight. Yet over one-fourth of all pregnant women in the United States do not begin prenatal care in the first 3 months of pregnancy, and for some groups--such as black teenagers--participation in prenatal care is declining. To find out why, the authors studied 30 prenatal care programs and analyzed surveys of mothers who did not seek prenatal care. This new book reports their findings and offers specific recommendations for improving the nation's maternity system and increasing the use of prenatal care programs.

      • Paediatric medicine
        February 1990

        Science and Babies

        Private Decisions, Public Dilemmas

        by by Suzanne Wymelenberg for the Institute of Medicine

        By all indicators, the reproductive health of Americans has been deteriorating since 1980. Our nation is troubled by rates of teen pregnancies and newborn deaths that are worse than almost all others in the Western world. Science and Babies is a straightforward presentation of the major reproductive issues we face that suggests answers for the public. The book discusses how the clash of opinions on sex and family planning prevents us from making a national commitment to reproductive health; why people in the United States have fewer contraceptive choices than those in many other countries; what we need to do to improve social and medical services for teens and people living in poverty; how couples should "shop" for a fertility service and make consumer-wise decisions; and what we can expect in the future--featuring interesting accounts of potential scientific advances.

      • Paediatric medicine
        November 1996

        Paying Attention to Children in a Changing Health Care System

        by Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council

        America's health care system is being reshaped by a variety of market-driven changes, and states are emerging as the major governmental influence on health care policy. Amid these changes, the health and well-being of children can slip from view. Although most children are fundamentally healthy, they require health care that emphasizes preventive services, such as immunizations and regular monitoring of physical and psychosocial growth and development. This volume takes a broad look at access and quality of care for pregnant women, children, and mothers. Among the issues addressed are the scope of benefits available under various health care reform efforts and services for special-needs children under managed care.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1994

        Growing Up Tobacco Free

        Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths

        by Barbara S. Lynch and Richard J. Bonnie, Editors; Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths, Institute of Medicine

        Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertising--more than $10 million worth every day--have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.

      • Paediatric medicine
        February 1994

        Fetal Research and Applications

        A Conference Summary

        by Conference Committee on Fetal Research and Applications, Institute of Medicine

        Research involving human fetuses and fetal tissue has been a subject of national debate and rancor for more than two decades. Despite the many demonstrated medical benefits of such research and the issuance of guidelines by various governmental and private ethics advisory bodies, federal support of this research has been severely curtailed. In 1993 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) sponsored a conference on fetal research and applications. This book examines the current state of fetal research and fetal tissue research. It contains an overview of research in the field and a short history on the regulatory and legislative actions governing the field. The bulk of the volume centers on ethical and legal issues of fetal research, preembryo research, fetal research, and fetal tissue transplantation. The volume also contains a full reprinting of the summary from the 1989 IOM book Medically Assisted Conception: An Agenda for Research, including the recommendations and research agenda suggested in that volume. Readers can therefore view that information in context with the suggestions and topics discussed at the conference. The background and research summarized in Fetal Research and Applications should provide insights for future progress and contribute to a fuller understanding of the social and ethical issues involved in this field.

      • Paediatric medicine
        April 1996

        Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

        Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment

        by Kathleen Stratton, Cynthia Howe, and Frederick C. Battaglia, Editors; Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Institute of Medicine

        It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations.

      • Paediatric medicine
        August 2000

        Sleep Needs, Patterns and Difficulties of Adolescents

        Summary of a Workshop

        by Mary G. Graham, Editor; Forum on Adolescence, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council, Institute of Medicine

        Sleep is not only a biological necessity but also a physiological drive. In today's fast-paced world, though, a good night's sleep is often the first thing to go. The effects of inadequate sleep are more than mere annoyances: they affect our mood and how we perform at school, work, and home and behind the wheel. Lost sleep also accumulates over time; the more "sleep debt " an individual incurs, the greater the negative consequences, according to researchers in the field. Research on adolescents and sleep has been under way for more than two decades, and there is growing evidence that adolescents are developmentally vulnerable to sleep difficulties. To discuss current research in this area and its implications in the policy, public, health, and educational arenas, the Forum on Adolescence of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families held a workshop, entitled Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents, on September 22, 1999.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1993

        Emergency Medical Services for Children

        by Jane S. Durch and Kathleen N. Lohr, Editors; Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medical Services, Institute of Medicine

        How can we meet the special needs of children for emergency medical services (EMS) when today's EMS systems are often unprepared for the challenge? This comprehensive overview of EMS for children (EMS-C) provides an answer by presenting a vision for tomorrow's EMS-C system and practical recommendations for attaining it. Drawing on many studies and examples, the volume explores why emergency care for children--from infants through adolescents--must differ from that for adults and describes what seriously ill or injured children generally experience in today's EMS systems. The book points the way to integrating EMS-C into current emergency programs and into broader aspects of health care for children. It gives recommendations for ensuring access to emergency care through the 9-1-1 system; training health professionals, from paramedics to physicians; educating the public; providing proper equipment, protocols, and referral systems; improving communications among EMS-C providers; enhancing data resources and expanding research efforts; and stimulating and supporting leadership in EMS-C at the federal and state levels. For those already deeply involved in EMS efforts, this volume is a convenient, up-to-date, and comprehensive source of information and ideas. More importantly, for anyone interested in improving the emergency services available to children--emergency care professionals from emergency medical technicians to nurses to physicians, hospital and EMS administrators, public officials, health educators, children's advocacy groups, concerned parents and other responsible adults--this timely volume provides a realistic plan for action to link EMS-C system components into a workable structure that will better serve all of the nation's children.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1993

        Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines

        Evidence Bearing on Casuality

        by Kathleen R. Stratton, Cynthia J. Howe, and Richard B. Johnston, Jr., Editors; Vaccine Safety Committee, Institute of Medicine

        Childhood immunization is one of the major public health measures of the 20th century and is now receiving special attention from the Clinton administration. At the same time, some parents and health professionals are questioning the safety of vaccines because of the occurrence of rare adverse events after immunization. This volume provides the most thorough literature review available about links between common childhood vaccines--tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B--and specific types of disorders or death. The authors discuss approaches to evidence and causality and examine the consequences--neurologic and immunologic disorders and death--linked with immunization. Discussion also includes background information on the development of the vaccines and details about the case reports, clinical trials, and other evidence associating each vaccine with specific disorders. This comprehensive volume will be an important resource to anyone concerned about the immunization controversy: public health officials, pediatricians, attorneys, researchers, and parents.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1993

        The Children's Vaccine Initiative

        Achieving the Vision

        by Violaine S. Mitchell, Nalini M. Philipose, and Jay P. Sanford, Editors; Committee on the Children's Vaccine Initiative: Planning Alternative Strategies, Institute of Medicine

        The Children's Vaccine Initiative is an international endeavor to ensure that children throughout the world are immunized. This book notes that one of the best opportunities to address the growing problem of immunization in the United States and to improve the health of children in developing countries lies in marshaling the vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad. The book contains information on the nature and status of vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad, and it recommends ways to enhance participation in the International Children's Vaccine Initiative.

      • Paediatric medicine
        October 1998

        America's Children

        Health Insurance and Access to Care

        by Margaret Edmunds and Molly Joel Coye, Editors; Committee on Children, Health Insurance, and Access to Care, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

        America's Children is a comprehensive, easy-to-read analysis of the relationship between health insurance and access to care. The book addresses three broad questions: How is children's health care currently financed? Does insurance equal access to care? How should the nation address the health needs of this vulnerable population? America's Children explores the changing role of Medicaid under managed care; state-initiated and private sector children's insurance programs; specific effects of insurance status on the care children receive; and the impact of chronic medical conditions and special health care needs. It also examines the status of "safety net" health providers, including community health centers, children's hospitals, school-based health centers, and others and reviews the changing patterns of coverage and tax policy options to increase coverage of private-sector, employer-based health insurance. In response to growing public concerns about uninsured children, last year Congress voted to provide $24 billion over five years for new state insurance initiatives. This volume will serve as a primer for concerned federal policymakers and regulators, state agency officials, health plan decisionmakers, health care providers, children's health advocates, and researchers.

      • Paediatric medicine
        January 1999

        Reducing the Odds

        Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States

        by Michael A. Stoto, Donna A. Almario, and Marie C. McCormick, Editors; Committee on Perinatal Transmission of HIV, Institute of Medicine, and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council

        Thousands of HIV-positive women give birth every year. Further, because many pregnant women are not tested for HIV and therefore do not receive treatment, the number of children born with HIV is still unacceptably high. What can we do to eliminate this tragic and costly inheritance? In response to a congressional request, this book evaluates the extent to which state efforts have been effective in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV. The committee recommends that testing HIV be a routine part of prenatal care, and that health care providers notify women that HIV testing is part of the usual array of prenatal tests and that they have an opportunity to refuse the HIV test. This approach could help both reduce the number of pediatric AIDS cases and improve treatment for mothers with AIDS. Reducing the Odds will be of special interest to federal, state, and local health policymakers, prenatal care providers, maternal and child health specialists, public health practitioners, and advocates for HIV/AIDS patients. January

      • Paediatric medicine
        December 1998

        Reducing the Burden of Injury

        Advancing Prevention and Treatment

        by Richard J. Bonnie, Carolyn E. Fulco, Catharyn T. Liverman, Editors; Committee on Injury Prevention and Control, Institute of Medicine

        Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. Trauma care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level.

      • Paediatric medicine
        February 2004

        Reducing Underage Drinking

        A Collective Responsibility

        by Richard J. Bonnie and Mary Ellen O'Connell, Editors, Committee on Developing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council

        Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.

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