Nanotechnology offers the potential to boost quality of potable and industrial water supplies and to enable us to deal with the challenges of many and varied pollutants. This book translates the findings from research studies in nanoscience and nanotechnology into potential practical applications relating to water quality. The application of nanomaterials for measuring or upgrading water quality is still a young, promising and ambitious area, and the book provides an overview of current technologies and highlights obstacles and future prospects. The seven chapters provide a valuable reference for researchers involved in such research, offering a glimpse of the current and future potential of nanomaterials in the aqueous environment.