This report is part of an ongoing study on Iraq’s new political leaders and their visions for the future. Based on extensive background data and personal interviews with over forty top leaders since 2003, the study finds a revolutionary change since the Ba’th in the forces shaping the new leaders and their political orientation. A nationalist regime committed to a strong central government has been replaced by political pluralism and disparate views, with no common vision on Iraq’s direction forward. The political process has intensified polarization around ethnic and sectarian identity, which could lead to Iraq’s fragmentation. The report suggests several ways to help Iraqis step back from this divide, including refocusing on economic development, particularly the need for new oil legislation that would give all Iraqis a stake in the nation’s major resource, and slowing the political process to give leaders time to absorb change and refine the political system.