This book explains that the study of the relationship between (architecture and astronomy) or the influence of astronomical phenomena on the buildings of relatively modern civilizations has become an important branch of astronomy, known as (architectural astronomy) or (archaeoastronomy). The roots of this field began modestly at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Given the lack of awareness or limited knowledge of many about the topics and objectives of this science, even among specialists in the fields of architecture and archaeology, it was necessary to shed light on this science through studies conducted on many buildings of ancient civilizations around the world, both old and new, which we have presented in different chapters of the book.