The Arab countries have lived under Islamic rule for many decades, and since their conquest, their people have been relying on the Sharia represented in the Qur’an and the Sunnah and the rulings that were derived from them using the principles of jurisprudence, its regulations, and its overall rules set by Muslim jurists who inspired the solutions from their precedents, the precedents of their ancestors, and from issues of likenesses and analogues if they did not find what they need In the Book of God and the Sunnah of His ProphePBUH. They have exerted so much effort in this respect, and have written in the fundamentals of litigation, judgements and proceedings what all previous nations were unable to come up with. They were also the first to root theories that contemporary jurists boast of rooted and mentioned in their books. They become great to the extent that they were a reference for Europeans in human rights issues and legal dilemmas as they turn to them whenever they needed to, to find among Muslims the final word on what matters to and preoccupies them.

Generally, Islamic Shari'a was the main and only source of rulings for more than a thousand and three hundred years until the end of the last century when foreign influence increased, which aimed at eliminating Shari'a and changing the social structure of the nation.Mixed courts were established, Shari'a courts were abolished, and laws were derived from an illegal foreign source that was not related to the country's Islamic affiliation nor its cultural and social characteristics that defined the country's identity and Islamic identity. This book discusses the issue of legalizing Shari'a and modernization at the end of the Ottoman Caliphate and how the legal status of the Arab countries, especially Egypt, moved from the governance of Shari'a to the rule of laws and the attempts made to legalize and revive Shari'a during the twentieth century.