In his study of the English Renaissance, Pedro Rocha de Oliveira revealed an extremely topical fact: that modernity - which is confused with capitalism, primitive accumulation and progress - is a machine that necessarily needs a peripheral population, external or internal, which is disposable, that is, killable. The “populace” is outside the oligarchic agreement that defines a democracy - which belongs to the experts, the owners, who have a monopoly on rationality. All the nations of the world have done this from the beginning: England, the United States, Germany, Italy, etc. Brazil too, of course, from the beginning, because this is the Colony regime, i.e. the entire killable population administered from outside by a metropolis. Later, the metropolis was internalized, with the same objectives. That's why, to this day, people are killed in the countryside and on the outskirts of this country, with impunity. This is the common denominator of all Brazilian elites, whether left or right: they are all progressive, because that's what progress is. And anyone who doesn't conform to this reality is considered “obscurantist”, “medieval”, “backward”, “pre-modern”, etc. For people who receive these nicknames, the “superior” world of knowledge, science and public administration means nothing. The state is always seen as an enemy of the people. Capitalism, progress and modernity can be summed up as a civil war between citizens and non-citizens. Modernity is the assumption that there is a superior side (civilization, progress, rationality, public administration, critique of superstition), and an inferior side, which are the non-citizens, disposable, killable. The price of progress is the sacrifice of the poor, blacks, Indians, peasants, women, etc.