The past five years have seen the most significant advances in our understanding of ocular melanoma since its first recognition in the 1500s. Through advanced treatment strategies, we are now able to treat virtually all patients with radiotherapy (either brachytherapy or charged particle therapy) and eliminate tumor activity, preserve the eye and maintain useful vision. This book of 18 chapters by leading clinicians spans the current field of ocular melanoma, from molecular genomics of tumor development, to advanced imaging including high-resolution echography and enhanced depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography, through combined primary treatment approaches including brachytherapy plus intravitreal bevacizumab, and concluding with systemic imaging and both potential adjuvant therapy along with novel strategies for managing metastatic ocular melanoma. Each of the senior authors has made pivotal contributions to our understanding of ocular melanoma and has individually played a key role in shaping diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.