Two critical political questions arise as the new Iraq emerges. Will the numerically dominant Shiite majority be open to full political collaboration with the Sunni and Christian minorities? What are the strengths and ideologies of Islamist political movements, particularly Shiite, that have asserted themselves since the fall of Saddam Hussein? In order to address these issues the U.S. Institute of Peace hosted on May 21, 2003 a workshop entitled “Religious Politics in Iraq.” The presenters were Graham Fuller, author of The Future of Political Islam and co-author of The Arab Shia: The Forgotten Muslims; Faleh Abdul-Jabar, lecturer at London Metropolitan University and author of The Shiite Movement in Iraq and editor of Ayatollahs, Sufis, and Ideologues: State, Religion, and Social Movements in Iraq; Rend Rahim Francke, founding executive director of the Iraq Foundation and co-author of The Arab Shia: The Forgotten Muslims; and Kenneth Katzman of the Congressional Research Service. The symposium was moderated by David Smock, director of the Institute’s Religion and Peacemaking Initiative. This Special Report, focusing on Islamist politics in Iraq, presents a revised version of the paper that Fuller prepared for the May 21 symposium.