Till the December of 2016, Martian exploration has been made as many as 45 times, and human knew a lot about the red plant. In 21st century, more exploration on solar system and planetary space, especially on Mars will be implemented comprehensively. 2 or more Martian probes are expected to be launched every 26 months. This is a scientific book on Mars, which was consists of 16 chapters, covering all aspects of Mars, such as the introduction, exploration history, magnetic field, ionosphere, atmosphere, geology, formation, etc, along with the Martian geographical names chart and the Martian exploration chronology. This book should be useful for professional researchers as a reference of Mars exploration, and for readers who want to know a lot about Mars.