While much depends upon the nascent peace process between India and Pakistan, there are many reasons to believe that the prospects for a breakdown are greater than those for a breakthrough. To assess such prospects, the United States Institute of Peace convened a roundtable of South Asia experts. This Special Report, written by program officer Christine Fair of the Institute’s Research and Studies Program, draws upon the roundtable discussions, as well as interviews with other regional analysts—particularly Shahid Javed Burki, Stephen Cohen, Husain Haqqani, Dennis Kux, Polly Nayak, Terasita Schaffer, Ashley Tellis, and Marvin Weinbaum. This Special Report considers means by which the India-Pakistan peace process can be sustained in at least a minimally positive way. In particular, the report explores the utility of the United States in ensuring the momentum of this opening; it also considers the role for other key players in the area, such as Russia and China.