This report, the result of an initiative to reflect on developments in areas where USIP grantmaking has been concentrated, focuses on gender, which has been incorporated into more than one hundred USIP grant-funded projects to date. The Praxis Institute for Social Justice was commissioned to review the state of the field of gender, conflict, and peacebuilding, to identify lessons learned, and to contemplate future directions of work. The analysis describes how this field emerged, became institutionalized in law, policy, and practice, and has been studied in academic research. Both important progress and significant gaps are identified in the understanding and awareness of the gendered dimensions of conflict and its legacies. A parallel examination of USIP grantmaking highlights notable contributions to the field, as well as shortcomings in the extent of attention and impact.