Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in adults around the world, and when nonoperative and medical management fail to resolve symptoms and the condition impacts the quality of life with significant disability, knee arthroplasty is indicated. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for the treatment of localized knee osteoarthritis has become more common, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has long been a reliable and predictable procedure. In this nine-chapter overview, recent advances in primary unicompartmental and primary TKA have been highlighted, including the details of implant design, surgical technique and new technologies. Two commonly encountered issues during revision TKAs – bone loss and extensor mechanism complications – are reviewed. Current techniques in perioperative pain management and blood management are also explored, and, finally, the book brings together current advances in primary and revision TKAs.