Tuberculosis is a transmissible infectious disease with an important impact on public health. The disease still exists in spite of treatment because patients transmit the causative mycobacteria to other human beings before they die (as was the usual scenario in ancient times) or before they are cured by an appropriate treatment. Prevention of tuberculosis deals mainly with the avoidance of transmission of mycobacteria from patients to others, and with the improvement of resistance of those exposed. The seven chapters of this book address key issues in tuberculosis management beyond drug treatment itself and highlight the potentially preventable nature of the disease.